CHINA'S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL PERCEPTION SHAPING STRATEGY IN THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM

Abstract

This article analyzes the dual role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as both a framework for promoting economic connectivity and a mechanism for shaping China's national image, disseminating its development model, and expanding its international influence. The study utilizes the theoretical framework of soft power and sharp power to evaluate the BRI's propaganda mechanisms, including the establishment of media networks, academic infiltration, and digital diplomacy. The findings suggest that the BRI has successfully created a multidimensional ecosystem of influence, transforming infrastructure projects into a tool for promoting China's vision and values. However, the initiative also poses potential challenges related to security, sovereignty, and debt risks for participating countries, especially Vietnam. Based on this analysis, the article proposes policy implications for Vietnam, emphasizing the importance of a cautious and balanced approach to maximize development opportunities while managing strategic risks and protecting core national interests.