Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội: Khoa học Xã hội
Tạp chí của Trường Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội
MOTHER-CHILD ATTACHMENT IN THE FIRST YEAR: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Establishing mother-child attachment in the first year of life plays a crucial role in a child’s development. Using a retrospective research method, the article surveyed the opinions of 234 mothers with preschool-age children to examine the level and expression of mother-child attachment in the first year. The survey was conducted from April to June 2025. The results showed that: More than 90% of the surveyed mother-child pairs showed had a high level of attachment in the first year from both the mother and the child. Nearly 10% of mother-child pairs had low levels of attachment, often in cases where the mother or child had physical and/or mental health problems. These results provide a basis for future research to explore the impact of motherchild attachment on child development in later stages. However, further studies using a combination of methods and larger samples are needed to describe the mother-child attachment relationship in more detail in the first year.
CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATION - FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: CURRENT STATUS, TRENDS, AND SOLUTIONS
This study examined the current status, trends, and solutions in climate change communication (CCC) from a global perspective, with a focus on its practical implementation in Vietnam. CCC has evolved from a primary focus on scientific data to a more audience-centered approach, incorporating visual storytelling. However, this field faces significant challenges, including political polarization in climate change perceptions, the spread of misinformation on digital platforms, and difficulties in translating complex scientific content into accessible messages. Given that Vietnam is among the most climatevulnerable countries, improving the effectiveness of CCC remained imperative. This study proposes leveraging digital technology, establishing fact-checking mechanisms, tailoring communication messages for specific audience groups, and strengthening collaboration among stakeholders to ensure accurate information dissemination, ultimately fostering public awareness and promoting adaptive responses to climate change
Vũ Thị Minh Tâm, Phan Thuỳ Linh, Chu Đức Hà, Phùng Văn Trường, Trịnh Thị Hương và Tạ Văn Việt
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE LIVELIHOODS IN COASTAL AREAS OF NAM DINH IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Aquaculture is one of the primary livelihoods in the coastal areas of Nam Dinh but is currently facing numerous challenges, both environmental and economic, with climate change further increasing these risk. Based on the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, this study aims to assess the current status of aquaculture livelihood development in the coastal areas of Nam Dinh. Through in-depth interviews with local officials and experts conducted between June and August 2024, together with statistical data from 2010–2023, the findings reveal that most farmers rely on traditional farming methods which are effective but involve high risks and are highly vulnerable to diseases and market fluctuations - particularly weatherrelated risks intensified by climate change. In addition, constraints in access to capital, technology, and market linkages hinder the expansion of production. The study proposes a range of solutions to guide the sustainable development of aquaculture-based livelihoods for coastal communities in Nam Dinh, with a focus on enhancing climate change adaptation.
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ARABICA COFFEE SPECIALIZED CULTIVATION ZONES AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN SON LA PROVINCE
This study integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate the ecological suitability of Arabica coffee in Mai Sơn area, Sơn La Province. An ecological suitability map was developed and validated, achieving an overall accuracy of 88%. The results indicate that 44.9% of the area exhibits high suitability (S1) and 32.6% shows moderate suitability (S2), providing a scientific basis for identifying 65,735 ha of land oriented toward specialized production development across three priority levels. The study proposes an expansion of the spatial extent of the Arabica coffee geographical indication area (46.32% of the natural area). The findings contribute to clarifying the role of ecological adaptation maps in the development of specialized growing areas and geographical indications for Arabica coffee in Son La province
Ngô Thị Hải Yến, Vũ Thị Mai Hương, Bùi Thị Hồng Tuyết, Lưu Ngọc Trà, Lỳ Thúy Nga và Đỗ Thị Minh Quý
SELF-HEALING IN NAGAI KAFŪ’S SHORT STORIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IYASHI
Drawing on traditional Japanese aesthetics and the healing spirit embedded in Japanese culture, this study adopts a structural– systematic method combined with an intercultural approach to examine two forms of self-healing therapies manifested in Nagai Kafū’s short stories: art therapy and nature therapy. The study aims to explore the therapeutic dimension of literature in Kafū’s works through the construction of narrative spaces, storytelling, language, and tone, thereby articulating existential reflections on human life. In doing so, the paper not only affirms Nagai Kafū’s conscious engagement with preserving and revitalizing traditional Japanese identity but also highlights the healing dimension of his literature in relation to the trend of iyashi-kei bungaku (healing literature) that has flourished in Japan since the 1990s.
URBAN CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS REFLECTED IN THE FOLK LITERATURE OF HO CHI MINH CITY
Folk literature in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) constitutes a distinctive component of Southern Vietnamese folklore, shaped within a multi-ethnic and dynamic urban environment marked by cultural hybridity. Despite its significance, this body of oral tradition remains understudied. Through processes of urbanization and migration, HCMC folk literature has not diminished but has been continuously recreated and adapted to modern life, while its modes of transmission have expanded from oral circulation to print and digital media. This article identifies representative genres and highlights the defining features of HCMC folk literature, particularly its adaptability and creative vitality in an urban context. The study employs two main approaches: the documentary-historical-textual method and the analytical-typological method, enabling an examination of the dynamics of folk forms while synthesizing their aesthetic traits and cultural identities as manifested in contemporary urban folklore.
THE ART OF NARRATIVE FICTION IN CONTEMPORARY VIETNAMESE HISTORICAL NOVELS
Bài viết khảo sát sự đa dạng của hình thức trần thuật trong tiểu thuyết lịch sử Việt Nam đương đại, từ đó làm rõ vai trò người kể chuyện trong việc kiến tạo diễn ngôn lịch sử. Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp loại hình và phương pháp hệ thống – cấu trúc, kết hợp với thao tác phân tích – tổng hợp nhằm nhận diện những đặc điểm cơ bản của nghệ thuật trần thuật. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra hình thức trần thuật trong tiểu thuyết lịch sử đã có sự vận động từ mô hình người kể chuyện toàn tri sang những dạng thức linh hoạt hơn như hạn tri, đa điểm nhìn, đa giọng điệu. Lịch sử trong tiểu thuyết không còn được trình bày như một dòng chảy khách quan tuyến tính mà trở thành một quá trình kiến tạo mang đậm dấu ấn chủ thể sáng tạo của nhà văn. Sự đổi mới hình thức trần thuật góp phần mở rộng khả năng biểu đạt, phản ánh xu hướng hiện đại hóa của tiểu thuyết lịch sử trong văn học Việt Nam đương đại.
METAFICTION AND KHẢI HUYỀN MUỘN BY NGUYEN VIET HA
Metafiction refers to fiction that reflects on the process of its own creation. This type of fiction requires active interaction and among the reader, the author, and the text. The boundaries between the fictional world and reality become difficult to define. With Khải huyền muộn (The Late Apocalypse), readers are encouraged to develop their own approaches. In it, reality and fiction are intertwined. The author exposes the process of artistic creation within the narrative, yet this same narrative world produces ambiguity for the reader. By applying genre theories, combined with analysis and comparison from a poetics perspective, the article focuses on Khải huyền muộn from several angles: text structure, the narrator, and the polyphony of text.
EDUCATING CHILDREN THROUGH LITERARY EXPERIENCES: A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY VIETNAMESE AND SOUTH KOREAN CHILDREN’S STORIES
This article uses approaches from poetics, narratology, and interdisciplinary studies to examine contemporary South Korean children's stories translated into Vietnamese in the early 21st century, and compares them with representative works of contemporary Vietnamese children's literature. The study argues that providing children with vivid, diverse, and colorful literary experiences is an effective means of nurturing goals emotional development and supporting education in modern society. The spiritual experiences conveyed through these narratives contribute to character formation and promote inner strength, resilience, and empathy in young readers, which are essential competencies for 21st-century citizens.
ECOLOGICAL ETHICS: TRAUMA AND HEALING IN CONTEMPORARY VIETNAMESE CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
Children are among the most vulnerable groups in society and often suffer harm from multiple directions in an unstable world. With their innocence and emotional sensitivity, they frequently turn to animals and plants as companions for healing their wounds. By listening to and interacting with the natural world, children also contribute to the creation of a humane ecological environment which forms an important foundation for human life. Drawing on trauma theory and ecocriticism, this article examines the intricate relationship between trauma, ecology, and language, in which fragile children often fall into a state of “ speechlessness.” At the same time, we examine the phenomenon of “double trauma,” whereby emotional loss intersects with ecological collapse, leaving children isolated and disconnected. From this perspective, the article highlights the importance of cultivating ecological ethics as a means of healing, thereby enabling humanity to live in greater peace and fulfillment.
THE PACIFICATION PROGRAM OF THE US AND THE SAIGON GOVERNMENT IN SOUTH VIETNAM (11/1963-01/1969) - THE CASE OF LONG AN
Inheriting and expanding the war of aggression in Vietnam, the US government under President Lyndon B. Johnson (November 1963 - January 1969) applied many pacification measures and tactics throughout the localities of South Vietnam, including Long An. Here, pacification plans/projects were concretized by the US Mission and the Saigon central government with special priority in terms of both resources and implementation organization to win the “hearts and minds” of the people as well as to prevent and destroy the revolutionary movement at the grassroots level. Long An became a “model province” in the pacification program of the US and the Saigon government in South Vietnam (November 1963 - January 1969). The article focuses on analyzing the organization and implementation of the pacification program of the US and the Saigon government in Long An through two stages, corresponding to the key pacification program and the “other war” in South Vietnam; evaluating the results of those pacification plans.
“EXPLOITATION AND CONTROL”: FRENCH COLONIAL POLICY IN HAI DUONG FROM THE LATE 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY
This article examines French colonial policy in Hai Duong from the late 19th to the early 20th centuries, when the province was placed under a "protectorate" regime following the Harmand Treaty (1883) and the Patenôtre Treaty (1884). It analyzes the system of political, military, economic, and cultural policies implemented to strengthen colonial control and exploitation. Based on the analysis and comparison of French and Vietnamese sources, combined with historical and logical methods, the article clarifies the operating mechanisms of the colonial administrative apparatus. The results show that France established a comprehensive system of rule that tightly controlled political and social life. Hai Duong became an important economic exploitation center in Northern Vietnam, creating the conditions for the transformation of patriotic movements in Hai Duong before 1930.
LOCALIZATION OF FEMINIST THOUGHT IN EARLY TWENTIETHCENTURY VIETNAM: A CASE STUDY OF THE NỮ CÔNG HỌC HỘI
This article examines the phenomenon of the “localization of feminist thought” in early twentieth-century Vietnam. It analyzes this phenomenon through the case of the Nữ công học hội (1926), the first women’s organization founded and led by women. The study argues that feminist ideas, when introduced from the West, were not adopted intact but were translated and localized to suit the colonial–semi-feudal context of Vietnam. By examining the Nữ công học hội practical activities, it becomes evident that the organization embodied a distinctive model of localized feminism. Instead of directly confronting the patriarchal system, Nữ công học hội skillfully harmonized traditional feminine virtues with modern “female intellect,” thereby shaping the transformation from “domestic accomplishments” to the image of economically self-reliant women who actively participated in social activities. The findings affirm that although its influence was largely confined to urban areas and the intelligentsia, the Nữ công học hội played an important role in initiating a localized model of feminist thought in Vietnam. This foundation contributed significantly to the later development of the Vietnamese women’s movement in later decades.
GOVERNANCE IN NORTHWESTERN VIETNAM UNDER THE NGUYỄN DYNASTY (1802–1884): SEEN THROUGH THE THỔ QUAN (NATIVE OFFICIALS) – LƯU QUAN (IMPERIALLY APPOINTED OFFICIALS) POLICY
Between 1802 and 1884, the Northwestroughly corresponding to Hưng Hóa province-posed a persistent challenge to the Nguyễn dynasty because of its rugged terrain, multiethnic population, and borderland location. From an initial acceptance of hereditary thổ quan (native officials) under Gia Long and during the first half of Minh Mạng’s reign, the court in 1829 abolished hereditary succession and gradually replaced hereditary offices with lưu quan (imperially appointed officials). The Nguyễn court progressively implemented a more centralized administrative model: strengthening governance at the levels of phủ (prefecture), huyện (district), and châu (subprefecture), as well as tổng (canton) and xã (commune/village); compiling household and land registers, opening schools, and tightening public order and border defense. While firmly pursuing centralization, the Nguyễn court also made pragmatic exceptions in remote, malarial uplands. The case of Hưng Hóa reveals a hybrid mode of governance - one that reflects both the drive to consolidate power and the limits of a monarchical state amid the political turbulence of the nineteenth century.
WOMEN IN THE LY DYNASTY IMPERIAL PALACE AND THEIR ROLE IN THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE OF DAI VIET IN THE 11TH–13TH CENTURIES
In medieval Vietnamese historical sources, palace women surface only in scattered, fragmentary glimpses, and their presence is framed more through lineage and moral virtue than through their political roles. This gap calls for a reconsideration of women’s place in the governance of the realm. On that basis, this study examines those Lý-dynasty palace women whom the official chronicles describe with relative clarity, treating them as figures who made substantive contributions to the political and social life of the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. Drawing on insights from women’s history and gender history to situate each individual within her contemporary political context, the article analyzes three characteristic modes of participation in power: regency, political marriage, and succession. In so doing, it clarifies the historical, social, and cultural conditions that enabled Lý palace women to take part in governing the country and to help sustain dynastic stability. At the same time, it shows that reading the sources through the lens of gender history brings to light forms of political participation that official historiography has rarely foregrounded.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GERMAN ECONOMY IN THE PERIOD OF 1924 - 1929
The First World War (1914–1918) resulted in the collapse of the German Empire and to the establishment of the Weimar Republic - one of the most progressive democratic regimes in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. Facing severe domestic and external challenges, the German government implemented policies aimed at national economy recovery, social stabilization, reintegration into international political life, and the restoration Germany’s position in international relations. The development of the German economy in the period 1924–1929 stands as evidence of the effectiveness of sound domestic and foreign policies pursued by a government enjoying public support. Using historical analysis and comparative methods, combined with analytical, synthetic, and comparative approaches, this article examines the manifestations of German economic development during the period 1924–1929 in the fields of industry, trade, and finance–banking, explains the underlying causes, and thereby assesses the significance of this economic development for Germany in this period.
MULTILATERAL DEFENSE DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION: VIETNAM’S PARTICIPATION IN UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (2014–2024)
This article analyzes Vietnam’s defense diplomacy in the context of international integration through its participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations during the period 2014-2024. Empirical evidence demonstrates a substantial improvement in Vietnam’s ranking among contributing countries United Nations peacekeeping operations, advancing from 116/122 to 37/120. This progress is reflected in multiple individual deployments, the dispatch of six Level-2 field hospitals, and one engineering unit. The article argues that engagement in UN peacekeeping constitutes a representative form of multilateral defense diplomacy, reflecting the internationalization of Vietnam’s security and defense interests. Moreover, the transition from observer status to direct field deployment has both enhanced Vietnam’s position and reputation in multilateral defense forums, while creating opportunities for the country to internalize international norms and consolidate strategic trust with partners. The article demonstrates that participation in peacekeeping has become an essential component of Vietnam’s comprehensive strategy for international integration.
CHINA'S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL PERCEPTION SHAPING STRATEGY IN THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM
This article analyzes the dual role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as both a framework for promoting economic connectivity and a mechanism for shaping China's national image, disseminating its development model, and expanding its international influence. The study utilizes the theoretical framework of soft power and sharp power to evaluate the BRI's propaganda mechanisms, including the establishment of media networks, academic infiltration, and digital diplomacy. The findings suggest that the BRI has successfully created a multidimensional ecosystem of influence, transforming infrastructure projects into a tool for promoting China's vision and values. However, the initiative also poses potential challenges related to security, sovereignty, and debt risks for participating countries, especially Vietnam. Based on this analysis, the article proposes policy implications for Vietnam, emphasizing the importance of a cautious and balanced approach to maximize development opportunities while managing strategic risks and protecting core national interests.
THE KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM OF VIETNAMESE MARITIME CULTURE: IDENTIFICATION, CHARACTERISTICS, AND VALUES
Trong lịch sử, hầu hết các vương quốc, nhà nước sinh thành trên không gian lãnh thổ Việt Nam đều là những quốc gia gắn liền với biển. Nhiều nền văn hóa ở cả ba miền Bắc - Trung - Nam cũng được hình thành ở vùng ven sông, ven biển và trên các hải đảo, quần đảo. Nghiên cứu vị trí địa lí, xác định tiềm năng, các nguồn tài nguyên tự nhiên, nhân văn… của Việt Nam, càng ngày người ta càng nhận thấy tầm quan trọng của biển với các kế hoạch, chiến lược phát triển. Có thể khẳng định, biển là nhân tố hợp thành, kiến tạo nên cấu trúc, đặc tính văn hóa, xã hội và tầm vóc của dân tộc Việt Nam. Bài viết tập trung làm rõ nhận thức, quan điểm của Đảng, Nhà nước về biển, văn hóa biển; khái niệm tri trức, tri thức văn hóa biển, nội hàm, không gian phân bố chủ đạo của hệ tri thức ấy; chủ thể sáng tạo và đặc trưng, giá trị độc đáo, tinh thần sáng tạo của hệ tri thức, văn hóa biển Việt Nam.
CHILD LABOR PARTICIPATION OF ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS AND SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK SOLUTIONS FOR PREVENTION
Child labor remains a pressing global issue, including Vietnam, especially the situation where children both attend school and participate in illegal labor activities, affecting the comprehensive development of children and becoming child laborers while still in school. Ethnic minority students in mountainous areas with especially difficult socio-economic conditions are more likely to be involved in economic activities and face higher risks of child labor. This article will focus on the current situation of ethnic minority students in several secondary schools in Muong Te District, Lai Chau Province, identifying who participates in labor, the reasons behind their involvement, and their feelings of this experience. It also analyzes the effects of labor on their health, psychology, learning, behavior, etc. On that basis, the article proposes solutions for schools to strengthen the prevention of child labour, especially from the perspective of school-based social work.
SELF-PRESENTATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF SECONDARY STUDENTS IN HANOI
This study aims to explore the levels and forms of self-presentational behaviors among secondary school students in various communication environments and examine differences by gender, grade level, and school location. The survey sample consisted of 494 students in grades 8-11 from public and private schools in Hanoi. Data were collected using a selfreport questionnaire developed by the research team, comprising 36 items with a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of α = 0,88. Findings reveal that secondary school students exhibit a relatively appropriate level of self-presentational behaviors. Among the domains, physical appearance self-presentation was the most appropriately expressed, followed by moral selfpresentation, while the competence-related one received the lowest scores. The collected data contribute to enriching the overall understanding of self-presentational behaviors among secondary students, including their manifestations in real life and on social media. The study also outlines contributions, limitations, and directions for future research.
EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS AND PROPOSING SUSTAINABLE OF GREEN AGRICULTURAL MODELS IN NAM DONG DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Nam Dong is a poor mountainous district of Thua Thien Hue province, with a high proportion of ethnic minority populations. This study employs sociological survey methods, semistructured interviews, and a multi-dimensional evaluation framework based on quantitative indicators and SWOT analysis to comprehensively assess the current development of crop production models in the area. The primary objective is to identify and propose sustainable green agricultural models adapted to the district’s specific agroecological conditions. Results indicate that farming models grounded in traditional practices exhibit significantly lower sustainability scores than those aligned with VietGAP or organic standards, and thus selecting and proposing five most suitable models.
SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE PRESERVATION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN A LUOI DISTRICT, HUE CITY
This study evaluates the role of social capital in preserving traditional culture in A Luoi district, Hue city, focusing on three main factors: social networks, trust, and social norms. Data from 152 residents belonging to the Kinh, Co Tu, and Ta Oi ethnic groups were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and linear regression. The results indicate that social capital, particularly trust in cultural values and community cohesion, has a significant impact on the maintenance of cultural practices. The Kinh ethnic group and individuals with college or university education demonstrate higher levels of participation and trust. The study recommends enhancing community activities, cultural education, and collaboration with organizations to promote cultural preservation in A Luoi
ANALYZING THE CONVERGENCE AND SPATIAL CORRELATION OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY ACROSS VIETNAMESE PROVINCES DURING THE PERIOD 2010–2022
This study assesses convergence and spatial correlation in labor productivity across 63 provinces and municipalities in Vietnam during the 2010–2022 period. Two quantitative approaches are employed: sigma-convergence (σ) and absolute beta-convergence (β). The results indicate that the coefficient of variation in labor productivity declined from 1.25 in 2010 to 0.59 in 2022, reflecting a slow but steady convergence trend. The negative and statistically significant beta coefficient at the 1% level confirms that provinces with lower initial productivity experienced faster growth. Moran’s I analysis reveals a statistically significant positive spatial autocorrelation (I = 0.300; p < 0.01), indicating the presence of productivity clustering, where provinces with similar productivity levels (high or low) tend to be geographically proximate. These findings highlight the critical role of spatial linkages in productivity diffusion, particularly in key economic zones. Therefore, it is essential to design spatially oriented development policies tailored to the specific capacities and geographic positions of each region
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGEMENT AND EXPLOITATION OF FOREST RESOURCES OF THE BANA ETHNIC COMMUNITY IN VAN CANH DISTRICT, BINH DINH PROVINCE
Indigenous knowledge reflects how communities interact with and adapt to their natural and social environments. The article applies the method of analysis, synthesis, field surveys, and interviews to study the current status of indigenous knowledge of the Bana ethnic community in Van Canh district, Binh Dinh province, in relation to forest resource exploitation for livelihood development. The results show that the Bana possess rich indigenous knowledge in forest classification, rules of forest clearance, and the use of forest products. These are valuable cultural values that need to be preserved and conserved, especially conventions and customary laws that are considered “common conduct” rules contributing significantly to stabilizing social order and developing the community
THE SOLUTION FOR DEVELOPING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN VIETNAM’S AGRICULTURE
The model of circular economy is a core solution of the economic transformation process towards green growth, including agricultural activities. It emphasizes the adjustment process of input and output factors in a closed cycle, minimizing waste. This research clarifies aspects of the theory and the state of development of the circular economics model in Vietnam’s agriculture, drawing on documents from both domestic and international organizations. The study also proposes solutions for promoting the circular economy model in Vietnam’s agriculture in the future.
A STUDY ON THE BENEFICIARIES OF THE HEREDITARY PRIVILEGE SYSTEM FROM THE ĐINH AND EARLY LE DYNASTIES TO THE NGUYỄN DYNASTY
In the history of Vietnam’s monarchical system, the hereditary privilege system was a distinctive form of personnel appointment. It allowed descendants of mandarins or meritorious officials to inherit political status or receive royal favours that facilitated their integration into the bureaucratic apparatus. The dynasties from the Dinh, Early Le to the Nguyen dynasty enacted regulations defining eligibility for hereditary privilege, as part of a broader policy of reward and recognition for members of the royal family, aristocracy, high-ranking officials, and individuals who rendered distinguished service. The determination and expansion of hereditary privilege beneficiaries across dynasties were shaped by the specific historical contexts of each period. Simultaneously, these adjustments reflect an ongoing refinement of the hereditary appointment system, particularly under the Nguyễn dynasty. This article seeks to examine the identification and evolution of eligibility criteria for hereditary privilege from the 10th century to the end of the 19th century under the independent Nguyễn dynasty. Through an analysis of the regulatory framework and the evolution of the eligibility criteria for hereditary privilege beneficiaries over time, this study aims to elucidate the system's historical development within the broader context of Vietnam’s monarchical governance.
ZEN BUDDHISM IN JAPAN (7TH – 16TH CENTURIES) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE MEDIEVAL SAMURAI CLASS
Japan is one of the Eastern countries with a distinctive tradition of Zen Buddhism, in which the relationship between Zen and the Samurai class stands out as a remarkable cultural and religious phenomenon. However, this connection has not yet been fully examined through an interdisciplinary lens. The introduction and development of Zen Buddhism in Japan from the 7th to the 16th centuries not only shaped religious life but also profoundly influenced the inner world, combat mindset, ethics, and aesthetics of the Samurai during the medieval period. This study investigates why a military class adopted and internalized a spiritual tradition rooted in stillness and introspection. Employing historical source analysis and an interdisciplinary approach that bridges philosophy, history, and cultural studies, the paper traces the transmission and evolution of Zen Buddhism in Japan, while also analyzing its role in shaping the spiritual values of the Samurai. In doing so, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of medieval Japanese cultural identity.
“COMMUNITY” AS A FACTOR IN PRESERVING THE TRADITIONAL JAPANESE CRAFT OF KAMAKURA-BORI
This paper analyzes the role of the community in preserving the Kamakura-bori, a traditional lacquered wood carving craft with a history of over 700 years in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Employing qualitative research methods, including interviews with artisans, on-site observations at production facilities, and analysis of historical documents and policy materials, the paper demonstrates that the Kamakura-bori community not only maintains traditional techniques and cultural values but also actively engages in education, skill transmission, market development, and product innovation. From community classes to cultural experience workshops and tourism-craft fusion models, the community has created a flexible cultural and social ecosystem that enables the Kamakura-bori craft to adapt to modern society.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR “PANDEMIC IS A FIRE” IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE POLITICAL DISCOURSE
In global health crises such as AIDS, H1N1, and COVID-19 pandemics, conceptual metaphors have served as essential cognitive tools for shaping behavior and perception. The study focused on examining the conceptual metaphor PANDEMIC IS A FIRE in thirty-six political discourses in both English and Vietnamese. The theoretical framework is grounded in Conceptual Metaphor Theory initiated by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), combined with the Critical Metaphor Analysis approach proposed by Charteris-Black (2004). The analysis revealed that metaphorical expressions “spread” / “lan rộng” and“outbreak” / “bùng phát” occurred with the highest frequency. Notably, the research elucidates the mapping mechanism of semantic attributes from the source domain Fire onto the target domain Pandemic, thereby identifying eight characterized semantic aspects.