PREDICTING GROUND MOVEMENTS ON SURFACE DUE TO SINGLE TUNNEL BORING MACHINE METHOD

Abstract

When tunneling in soil by the Tunnel Boring Machine method (TBM), determining ground surface movements is one of the most important issues. The article presents methods of calculating ground surface movements also using finite element method (by Plaxis 2D software) examines the effect of tunnel depth on that, as a basis for specifying the appropriate tunnel depth and influence area on the ground surface due to TBM.