Journal of Science and Development
Real Situation and Solutions for Enhancing Environmental Responsibilities of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Vinh Phuc Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> In the trend of economic globalization and toward the sustainable development goal, environmental responsibility is becoming an indispensable requirement for business enterprises. This is shown through different levels. Among of them, the most basic level is the obedience to the laws on environmental protection. The findings from the survey data of 92 small and medium – sized enterprises and some related documents showed that, although these enterprises have initially concerned about making the commitment to environmental protection in recent years, however, the implementation of the program of environmental monitoring and waste management has not been carried out in an effective and serious way. This article points out some factors that have influence on the implementation of environmental responsibility of small and medium – sized enterprises in Vinh Phuc province and some key measures to strengthen this are also suggested. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> 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ECONOMICS, SOCIETY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Risk Situation In Hill-Chicken Consumption In Yen The District, Bac Giang Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Yen The district of Bac Giang province has exploited its advantages for commercial chicken production. As a result, about 13 to 15 millions chiken valued at VND 1,450 billions have been sold annually at the market. The number of chickens in Yen The has grown at the highest rate in th province with largest population in the country. It has been found that a market for chickens is unstable and under pressure of imported poultry products. Ninety percent of chickens in the district have been sold to private traders, mainly live weight chickens for the domestic market and export of chikens has not been observed. There were weak linkages of production, processing, and consumption. In addition, slaughter houses and processing units have operated at low level of efficiency. Chiken farm households often have to accept a price given by the private traders, especially when chicken production are affected by diseases (occuring on February to April and August each year). It has been observed that households have suffered losses from diseases. The paper reports the risk of chicken market in Yen The district, Bac Giang province in recent years. Based on methods of stratified sampling, qualitative and quantitative methods, and the analysis of factors affecting chicken selling, a set of solutions wre proposed for risk management and minimizing risk of chicken selling in Yen The district, Bac Giang province in the future. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> 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Study on Impact of Policy Mechanism Factor Group on Urban Land Use Management in Vinh City, Nghe An Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> The resonable and effective management of urban land use is of primary importance to ensure sustainable urban development at present and in the future. This task is becoming more important to the nations and developing urban areas. The study aimed to find out the factors that affect urban land use management in Vinh City. The impact of the factors on the urban land use management was analyzed by using Spearman Rank Corrrelation Coefficient in SPSS 17.0 with significant level 0.05 through the investigation of 400 households from 2 wards and 2 communes. The results show that the local people realised that there has been a remarkable change in the urban land use management over the period and policy mechanism factor group with large impact on urban land use management in Vinh city includes land policy and investment policy. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> 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Aquaculture Development in Farm Households in Quang Ninh District, Quang Binh Province: Curent Situation and Solutions
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Aquaculture development in farm households in Quang Ninh district, Quang Binh province has achieved remarkable results in recent years but also faced with many difficulties and challenges. By combining the secondary data and primary information from interviews of 60 aquaculture households, focus-group discussion with representatives of aquaculture households and in-depth interviews of local officials in charge of aquaculture, the study revealed that both the volume and value of aquaculture in Quang Ninh district increased quickly for the period of 2013-2014. Despite the potential and new opportunities, aquaculture development in the district has also significant obstacles such as the extreme weather events, lack of the detail planning for aquaculture areas, high risk due to epidemic disease, and the fluctuation of market. Completing the detailed planning, strengthening the links among aquaculture stakeholders as well as enhancing aquaculture extension services that need to be taken to keep a stable and sustainable aquaculture development in Quang Ninh district, Quang Binh province in the future. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> 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Dispute Resolution Capacity of Local Environmental Management Civil Servants - A Case Study in Hanoi
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The present article examines the capacity for dispute resolution of environmental management officials from the community perspective and to make recommendations to enhance capacity for environmental management officials, contributing to reasonable settlement in the local environmental dispute. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> 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Behaviors of Farmers Towards Pig Diseases in Hung Yen Province
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Propaganda and regulations to mitigate and prevent the sale of pigs died of diseases should be taken to limit the spread of disease in the local pig herds. 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Willingness to Pay for Remediation of Water Environment in Wooden Craff Village of Dong Ky, Bac Ninh
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Every year, Dong Ky wood processing of Bac Ninh province has gnerated product value over VND 500 billion revenue per year with 65% for export. In recent years, the total production value increased by over 17% per year. However, the environmental pollution of the village is now serious, especially water pollution, soil and air pollution. The BOD, TSS, sulphur dioxide levels exceed permitted standard levels many times. This study used contingent valuation method (CVM) to survey data from 150 households, and used regression analysis to find out what factors are affecting the level of willingness to pay (WTP). Results showed that, on average, people are willing to pay 27,000 VND/person/per month. Total capital is estimated at 394 millionVND/ per month for projects to improve water quality in Dong Ky village; Thus, the total funds each year will be able to achieve 4.7 billion for the rehabilitation of polluted water in the region. The most important factors affecting the willingness to pay level of households to improve water quality are household income and occupation of the persons interviewed. 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Impact of Extension and Reduction Policies of Interprise Income Tax on Small and Medium – Sized Enterprises in Tu Son Town, Bac Ninh Province
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Research results indicated that the extending and reducing enterprise income tax have affected enterprise resources such as the ability to supply the capital of SMEs; number of employees; income of the employees; number of enterprise dissolution, bankruptcy, suspension of operations and inventory. 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Development of Orange Production in Quy Hop District, Nghe An Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Orange production in Quy Hop district, Nghe An province is an important economic activity, which provides livelihoods and jobs for local farmers. However, the accelerating expansion of orange area in 2012-2014 period also poses a question on the quality of the growth. The study employed secondary data and primary data collected from a survey of 89 farm households, in depth interviews with government officers and orange traders in Quy Hop district. Results show that orange production has brought a considerable income for farmers, with average size of orange farm of about 1.73ha, generating more than VND 300 million/ha/season. However, while orange area is rapidly expanded, the organization of production towards commercial and large scale with cooperation/linkages in production and marketing is still very weak. Besides, farmers face with a number of problems in production, especially pest, diseases, input quality, irrigation and transportation. 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Livelihoods of Ethnic Minority Households in Dak Lak Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Dak Lak province has 47 ethnic minorities with 97, 893 households and 540,365 inhabitants, accounting for 31.97% of the provincial population. The poverty rate of ethnic minorities is higher than the overall poverty rate in the province. The high rate of poor households can be explained by the fact that ethnic livelihoods are solely based agricultural farming, lack of livelihood resources, and low and instable income from livelihood activities. Livelihood activities and income differ from one national minority to another due to the differences in cultivation practices, productive capacity , capacity of coping with risks and the success from government and organizational support. Successful production model and diversified livelihoods of some ethnic minority households indicate that if people have the good will and determine to overcome difficulties together with reasonable support from state agencies and organizations, they can generate jobs and increase income to ensure the livelihood not only of his family but also the local community. Solutions to help ethnic minority households of Dak Lak for sustainable livelihood development in the future are proposed. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" 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Economic Valuation of Thien Cam Beach in Ha Tinh Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Economic valuation of tourist area is considered as an important instrument for policy making, determining economic mechanisms, as well as identifying tools for effective and sustainable management of tourist resources. Travel cost method (TCM) was applied to estimate demand schedule and economic value of Thien Cam tourist area. Findings show that economic value estimate of Thien Cam tourist area in 2013 was VND7,993.7 billion. This figure is much higher than the total turn-over of tourist service providers at Thien Cam tourist area of VND115.3 billion in 2013, indicating that economic potential of Thien Cam tourist area was underutilized. Based on these findings, the paper has proposed some measures to enhance income for tourist service providers and the economic value of Thien Cam tourist area. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> 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Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <![endif]-->
Competitiveness Analysis of Postal Services of Nghe An Post
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> This research aimed at revealing factors that affect the competitiveness of postal services of Nghe An Post. Primary data were collected by direct interview of 195 clients who have been using postal services in Nghe An province. The official reports were used as secondary data to present the empirical situation of Nghe An Post. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression analysis were employed to test the reseach hypotheses. The results indicate that there were six main factors affecting the competitiveness ordered from the highest to the lowest including: service quality, distribution network, promotion capacity, pricing, service capability and company reputation. To increase the competitiveness, Nghe An Post should focus on developing human resources, implementing flexible pricing policy, and improving service quality. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> 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Development of Logistics for Fishery Industry: Theoretical and Pratical Issues
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Fishery industry significantly contribiutes to economic development and national security in Vietnam. However, fishery resources and productivity, particularly inshore fishery resources have reduced whereas oo-shore fishery industry has not been developed yet. Central and local government have invested in development of logistics for fishery industry in core regions and provinces, but fishery logistics are still lacking in terms of both quantity and quality, such as port, shipbuilding, fish catching and storage, material supply, and so on. Based on secondary data and information, this paper focuses on analysis of theoretical and pratical issues of logistics development for fishery industry. 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TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION IN VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY
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The present research identified 6 factors affecting the level of teacher’s job satisfaction including colleagues relationship, administration, job’s characteristics, personal development, compensation and management policies, while working conditions and relationship with students were not related to the job satisfaction level of teachers. 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Environmental Pollution in Metalware Handicraff Village of Phung Xa - Current status and Solutions
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Based on the secondary data collected from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Research Center for Geological Environment, and the Thach That Natural Resources and Environment Department as well as the interviews of communal officials and the regarded experts, the research paper focused on the discussion of the following issues. The former is clarification of the daily environmental pollutions of air, soil, and water in Phung Xa, the craft village in Thach That, Hanoi. The latter is limitations in environmental management of Phung Xa. Hence, six measures to reduce environmental pollution Phung Xa village were suggested, as such: (1) Specify environmental protection plan; (2) Enhance the applicability of economic instruments for craft village environmental management; (3) Strengthen the staff's ability regarding the environment management; (4) Advocate and improve people's awareness on environmental protection; (5) Propose technical solution; (6) Increase inspection and monitoring activities. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> 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Community’s Participation in Physical Contribution to Development of Rural Traffic Infrasutructure in Dong Nai Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Dong Nai is a southeast province of Vietnam. For rural development, the rural traffic infrastructure is of primary priority but in Dong Nai at present the cemented/concrete proportion of rural trafic system accounts for 51.8% only. The large investment demand and limited state resource for rural trafic infrastructure dictates contribution from community. This research aimed to to analyze the current situation and to suggest solutions to promote participation of community in physical contribution for development of Dong Nai Rural traffic infrastructure. Surveyed information of 438 households in 4 districts showed that: (i) physical contribution is popular in communities, especially contribution of labour (99.3% of households), followed by money (85.8%), land (78.0%) and materials (64.4%); (ii) Factors influencing physical contribution include participatory organization, authority leaders, contribution mechanism, households economics, income sources, revenue from agriculture, educational level and gender of household heads, social relationship, and household benefit from Rural traffic infrastructure; (iii) solutions suggested include establishment of suitable participatory model and mechanism, offering training to community and community representatives, propaganda and mobilization for physical contribution and support for economic development of community and community members. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> 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Solutions for Winter Crop Development in Quynh Phu District, Thai Binh Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Quynh Phu district of Thai Binh province is an agriculture-based district with long tradition of intensive rice farming and winter crops cultivation. Winter season has become one of the main cropping seasons of the district. In 2013, winter crop cultivated area in Quynh Phu was 6,456 hectares, increased by 3.46% in comparison with the figure in 2011. The winter cropping pattern is diversified with various high value crops, resulting in an increase in its annual production value of hundreds of billions VND (VND650 billio in 2013). During 2011- 2013, production value of winter chilies was up to VND25 million/sao at the constant price, followed by bittergourd, sweet corn, baby corn, cucumber, potato, kohlrabi, tomato, wax gourd, and pumpkin. In order to further develop winter production in Quynh Phu district towards higher production efficiency, the paper concentrates on three main objectives : (i) to evaluate results of the winter crop production; (ii) to investigate the factors affecting winter crop development in the district; and (iii) to propose feasible solutions to promote winter crop production in the next years towards high economic efficiency. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> 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The Accessibility to Agricultural Land Market of Poor Farm Households in Phu Tho Province: Current Situation and Implications
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However, the survey also pointed out some solutions to improve the f accessibility to agricultural land market by poor households with the aims of improving productivity, freeing labours, increasing incomes and reducing poverty. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> 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Agricultural and Fishery Extension Policies in Some Countries and Lessons Learnt for Aquacultural Extension Policies in Coastal Zones in The North of Vietnam
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Admin</o:Author> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> Aquacultural extension policies have been providing legal framework and integral supports for aquacultural extension activities contributing to improvement in aquacultural productivity in coastal zones in the North of Vietnam. However, aquacultural extension policies have revealed some limittations due to their unspecification and unsuitability pertinent to characteristics of aquacultural activities in coastal zones in the North of Vietnam. Therefore it is important to design aquacultural extension policies corresponding to characteristics of each region and each field. This article summarises agricultural extension policies in some countries and draws out lessons learnt for making aquacultural extension policies in Northern coastal zones in the coming future. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> 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REVIEW: PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS AND SOME CONSIDERATIONS WHEN FEEDING BEEF COWS
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> The beef production industry of Viet Nam currently cannot meet the domestic demands and Viet Nam had to import increasing large quantities of both live cattle and frozen beef from foreign countries. Therefore, it is necessary to advance the domestic beef production. In beef industry, the determination of cattle requirements might be the main critical issues because feed is a major cost item which represents over 65% of total cost, and feed is one of the main factors effecting animal performance. Adequate supply of feed for nutrient requirements of a beef herd can maximize their productivities and reproductive performance, ensure animal welfare, and maximize profit of producers. This paper discussed the main physiological characteristics, the formulations to calculate the nutrition requirements, and some critical points needed to be considered when feeding heifers, pregnant beef cows, and lactating beef cows. 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ANIMAL AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE, VETERYNARY
EFFECT OF FIBRE LEVEL AND FIBRE SOURCE ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION, AND HYDROGEN SULPHIDE, AMMONIA AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM PIG SLURRY
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different fibre levels and fibre sources in the pig diet on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretions, and ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from slurry. A total of 24 pigs with the initial body weight (BW) around 24 ± 0,25 kg were kept individually in concrete floored pens (1.8 m x 0.8 m) in an open-sided house. The experiment was structured according to a completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial design, with two fibre sources [tofu residue (TFR) and coconut cake (CC)] and two fibre levels [low fibre (LF) and high fibre (HF)]. Each treatment consisted of 6 pens, with one pig per pen as a replicate. Results show that, in growing period, pigs fed LF diet had higher slurry pH and lower N excretion than those in pigs fed HF diet (P > 0.05). Fibre source and fibre level had no effects on the slurry characteristics and the excretion of slurry DM and P (P > 0.05). The CH4 emission was higher for the diet CC than for the diet TFR (P > 0.05). Increased dietary fibre level resulted in increased the CH4 and CO2 emission, and decreased NH3 emission (P > 0.05). In fattening period, slurry chemical characteristics, N and P excretion were not effected by fibre source and fibre level (P > 0.05). Pigs fed diet TFR had greater the NH3 emission from slurry than those in pigs fed diet CC (P > 0.05). The H2S and CO2 emissions were not affected by fibre level (P > 0.05). Pigs fed HF diet showed higher CH4 emission than those pigs fed LF diet, while NH3 emission was significantly higher in LF than that in HF diet (P > 0.05). <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" 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MEAT QUALITY COMPARISON BETWEEN FAST GROWING BROILER ROSS 308 AND SLOW GROWING SASSO LAYING MALES REARED IN FREE RANGE SYSTEM
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However, the demand of consumers for products from alternative systems such as organic, free-range system is increased. Instead of transfer day-old laying males to the feed mill, the idea of rearing them in free range system was tested. The study was carried out on 2 chicken breeds: slow-growing line of feather Sasso (SA) and fast-growing Ross 308 broilers (RS). Sixty one-day-old chicks of each breed were kept in pens up to 21 days with density 6 birds/m2 and then free range reared in the garden with natural grasses and fruit trees with density 5 m2/bird. Data collection was conducted at 49 and 90 days of age for measurng meat quality parameters. The results showed that the live weight, carcass yield, breast meat yield and the proportion of abdominal fat were significantly higher (P > 0.001) in RS at both ages. The proportions of fat in the breast meat were significantly lower (P > 0.01) in SA at both ages. Themeat pH value at 24 h was significantly higher in SA and the meat was darker (P > 0.001) in these chickens. The overall acceptability was significantly better (P > 0.01) in SA at 90 days of age. The laying males are acceptable for an alternative system of poultry meat production in terms of meat quality. Meat quality of Sasso males was comparable or even higher than that of fast-growing chickens. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7" /> <w:LsdException 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DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF OIL AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN TO MITIGATE METHANE EMISSIONS FROM GROWING CATTLE
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> A two factorial experiment was carried out in three months (June to August, 2012) at the experimental station of Viet Nam National University of Agriculture to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with four different levels of sunflower oil (SFO) and two different kinds of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on enteric methane emissions and performance of growing cattle. Twenty-four growing Lai Sind cattle (170 kg on average) were randomly divided into 8 blocks corresponding to 8 diets. Each diet includes 2% NaOH-treated rice straws and cassava leaf meal (1% BW - body weight, dry matter basis) as a basal diet supplemented with one of four SFO levels (1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.0%) in combination with 4% calcium nitrate or 1.5% urea as NPN source supplement. Methane emissions was determined by using CH4 to CO2 ratio method. Results showed that methane emissions intensity (l/kg DMI - dry matter intake) was reduced by 26% when using nitrate supplement instead of urea supplement. The increase in oil level in the diet nonlinearly reduced methane emissions. The best level of SFO supplement was 3.0%. However, the best dietary treatment was supplementation with 4% calcium nitrate and 1.5% SF oil. It was also shown that the estimated energy losses as CH4 emissions from the experiment diet ranged from 5-8% gross energy intake, compared with around 12% potential energy loss from diet without supplement. 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Potential Use of By-Products from Ethanol Production Process as Ingredients for The Production of Animal Feed in Viet Nam
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> The output of country's livestock sector is relatively high compared to other countries in the region and is estimated at 4.6 million tons of meat per year. The main constraint in the sector is the high feed price due to the dependence on imported raw materials (estimated at 65-70%). The total value of imported raw materials for animal feed production in 2013 was estimated at $ 4.1 billion. Worldwide, by-products from alcohol industry has been studied and processed into main raw materials (DDG and DDGS) for animal feed production. Meanwhile in our country, these by-products are used in its raw form in livestock feeding or used for other purposes with low economic benefit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential uses of the by-products from alcohol industry to produce animal feed and increase the added value for these products. The main methods used in this study were Value Chain Analysis (VCA) and SWOT analysis. Results of the study showed the different value chains of the alcohol industry as well as opportunities for the use of by-products for the production of animal feed. 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Effects of Replacement of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with Velvet Bean Hay (Mucuna pruriens) in Diets on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Nitrogen Metabolism of Growing Goats
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> A feeding experiment aimed at investigating the effect of replacement of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with velvet bean hay (Mucuna pruriens) at increasing levels in the diets on feed intake, apperent digestibility, nitrogen balance and purine derivatives was conducted. A total of 8 male crossbred (Jumnapari x Saanen) goats were randomly located in a 4x4 double Latin Square design and were housed in individual metabolic cages. The goats were given ad libitum one of four experimental diets. The basal diet composed of 200g corn powder and elephant grass, elephant grass was replaced with different levels (0%, 25%, 35% and 45%) of velvet bean hay harvested at 3-4 months of age. The intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and NDF increased significantly in animals fed diets replaced with velvet bean hay (P > 0,05). However, these figures were similar in animals given 35 and 45% velvet bean hay (P > 0,05). Increased levels of legume resulted in increased intake of nitrogen and nitrogen balance. The total excretion of urinary purine derivatives increased with increasing level of replacement (P > 0,05) and varied from 3.06 to 7.59 mmol/day. There was no significant difference in urinary purine derivatives between groups fed 35% and 45% velvet bean hay in diet (P > 0,05). 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Laboratory Evaluation of Efficacy of Inactivated Vaccine Using The Canine Distemper CDV-VNUA-768 Strain
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Six female Beagle dogs (six weeks old) were injected with the vaccine produced from CDV-VNUA-768 strain virus and inoculating with CDV-HUA-04H strain virus after 3 week post injection. Antibody response in dogs after vaccination against Canine distemper virus was examined by ELISA. Antibody contents reached above critical level after 21 days of vaccination and maximum value during 35- 42th day (titer mean of antibody was 1.54) after vaccination. Between from 42th day to 49th day after vaccination, antibody contents decreased but maintained above the critical level at 49th day ( titer mean of 1.35). After 21 day post inoculation with CDV-HUA-04H strain virus, the vaccine groups produced specific antibody for canine distemper virus with titer mean above critical level (0.69). Result of this study showed that dogs were protected with 100 percent when they were injected with inactivated vaccine produced from CDV-VNUA-768. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" 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Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on Growth and Reproductive Characteristics of Artemia franciscana Vinh Chau
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels in formulated feeds on survival, growth and reproductive characteristics of Artemia franciscana Vinh Chau in laboratory conditions. Experiment consisted of 7 feeding treatments including of commercial shrimp feed No. 0 (control feed) and 6 formulated feeds containing 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45% protein. The experimental process was divided into two phases (1) Communal culture, from day 0 until Artemia reaches sexual maturity to determine survival and growth. (2) Individual culture,Artemia couples were reared in 50-ml Falcon tubes to record their reproductive characteristics and life span. After 14 days of culture, survival of Artemia was not affected by the feeding treatments, varying in the range of 87.2-95.4%; and the total length of Artemia attainedbetween 7.00 and 8.04mm, of which the treatments from 25% to 35% protein had significantly higher values (P > 0.05) compared to other feeding treatments. The lifespan of Artemia females was similar among feeding treatments (44.6-48.6 days). The reproductive period, total brood number and total offspring per Artemia female in the 30 and 35% protein treatments were significantly higher (P > 0.05) than the control, 20% and 45% protein treatments. These results indicated that formulated feed containing 30 to 35% protein could be suitable feed for growth and reproductive performance of Artemia franciscana. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" 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Toxocariasis in Cats in Viet Nam Caused by Toxocara malaysiensis, A Novel Species, Identified by Sequence and Phylogenetic Analyses
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> Toxocariasis in cats and dogs is a disease caused by a species of the genus Toxocara, family Toxocaridae, class Nematoda, including Toxocara canis (T. canis), Toxocara cati (T. cati) and Toxocara malaysiensis (T. malaysiensis), which is potentially transmissible to humans. Cats might get infested with a different ascaridoid species, a novel species, namely T. malaysiensis, which was first time found in Malaysia and China, but there is no information about this novel species in other countries. In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial atp6 and nuclear ITS2 sequences to clarify taxonomic identification for 15 strains of Toxocara sp. collected from cats from Thuong Tin and Thanh Oai districts (Ha Noi, Viet Nam). Comparative analysis of atp6 nucleotide sequences showed that all 15 Vietnamese strains of Toxocara sp. from cats were identical with Toxocara malaysiensis species from 99.3 to 100%, but with T. Cati 89.6-90.1% , with T. canis 86.7-87.9%, and with T. vitulorum 80.5-88.4%. Genetic distances between Toxocara strains of Viet Nam and T. malaysiensis showed no difference, but it was highly distant from T. cati. Phylogenetic analysis based on genetic markers of atp6 and ITS2 confirmed that all 15 strains of Toxocara sp. from Ha Noi, Viet Nam on cats were placed within the T. malaysiensis group, while the strains of T. cati, T. canis, T. vitulorum and Toxascaris leonina (an outgroup) were separated completely, clustered within their respective groups. This study has provided some additional features on genetics and classification of T. malaysiensis and also was reported the first time regarding this novel species originated in Viet Nam for epidemiological surveillance in the community. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" 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Effects of Supplementation of Cotton Seed Oil on The Performance and Methane Emission of Lactating Dairy Cows
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> The effects of supplementation of cotton seed oil on the nutrient intakes, milk yield, and methane emission of lactating dairy cows were studied in lactating Holstein Friesian cows from Feb. 2015 to Sept. 2015. Twenty four cows (average weight of 557.3 kg at 3-5th lactating months, 2-6th lactation cycles and milk yield of 22.13 kg/cow/day) were allocated to a completely randomized design with 4 groups, each group with six replications. The control group received no supplementation cotton seed oil but basal diet and the experimental groups, apart from basal diet, were supplemented cotton seed oil with 1.5% (KP1,5); 3.0% (KP3,0) and 4.5% (KP4,5). The basal diet included corn silage, TRM feed and elephant grass (ad libitum). Results showed that the DM intake increased by 3.39- 6.82%, and ME intake increased by 6.25-14.43% in the groups fed cotton seed oil compared to the control group. Cotton seed oil supplements had no effect on DM digestibility at 1.5% but significantly reduced digestibility at the levels of 3.0-4.5%. The animals fed cotton seed oil supplements increased milk yield by 5.4-12.2% and reduced methane emission intensity calculated as L/kg FCM by 18,8- 37,9 (P > 0.05). 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Phenotypical Characteristics and Productive Performance of Multi-Toes Chicken Raised in The National Park of Xuan Son, Tan Son District, Phu Tho Province
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=" " /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> The multi-toes chicken breed is a precious genetic resource associated with livelihood and culture of several ethnic minorities in the National Park of Xuan Son, Tan Son District, Phu Tho Province. This study was conducted on 60 households raising these chickens in two communes of Xuan Son and Xuan Dai. A sample of 200 adult chickens was phenotypically characterized based on the feather colors, the comb shape and toes. The multi-toes broilers (60 chickens/herd, 30 males and 30 females) were fed for a 12-week period to evaluate growth performance and ten were used for carcass quality assessment. The result shows that the multi-toes chickens possessed unique phenotype, most of them had 6 to 8 toes (99%), chickens withs with 5 or 9 toes were rare (0.5% to 1%). 80% of hens had 5 to 7 toes and 9.84% had 8 toes. No hens with 9 toes were observed. Plumage colors of the roosters are mainly brown-red (95%). The predominant plumage colors in hens were yellow (56%) and grey (20%). Hens of this breed reached sexual maturity at about 28 weeks of age with 1.25 kg body weight. Each hens laid averagely 12.06 eggs/brood with 6.3 broods/year and 75.98 eggs/hen/year, with the average egg weight of 39.70 g. The weight of 12 week-old broiler was 1142g. The carcass yield was 68%, while thigh meat and breast meat accounted for 18% and 17%, respectively. The meat quality is excellent, very sweet taste and delicious and the selling price is 2.5-3.0 times more expensive than that of other chicken breeds. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" 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