ANALYZING DESIGN FOR EXCELLENCE (DfX) SOLUTIONS TO ACHIEVE CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Abstract

Abstract: This study quantitatively analyzes the impact of
Design for Excellence (DfX) strategies—DfM, DfA, DfMA, DfD,
and DfE—on reducing CO₂ emissions throughout the building
life cycle. Data from over 300 international publications indexed
in Scopus were synthesized and analyzed across five stages
(design, material production, construction, operation, and
deconstruction) following ISO 14040:2006 and EN 15978:2011
frameworks. The findings show that DfD, DfMA, and DfE are the
most effective strategies, achieving reductions of up to 96%, 45%,
and 229 kg CO₂ eq/m² per year, respectively. These results provide
a quantitative foundation for selecting design strategies aligned
with Net Zero Carbon goals and support the integration of DfX
principles into sustainable construction and policy development
in Vietnam