Assessing the level of greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation activities in Bac Giang province and proposing management solutions

Abstract

The article presents the results of calculating greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation activities in Bac Giang province. It proposes several solutions to enhance efficiency in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the rice cultivation sector in the area. The study collected data related to the calculations, including the rice area of each province from 2018 to 2022. Based on the data collection and calculation methods according to the IPCC 2006 guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, the technical report on nationally determined contributions of Vietnam 2020. The total methane (CH₄) emissions from rice cultivation in Bac Giang province in 2022 is 25,548 tons of CH₄ per year. From 2018 to 2022, the emission level decreased from 27,133 tons of CH₄ per year to 25,548 tons of CH₄. Among them, Luc Nam district has the highest emissions (4,181 tons of CH₄ per year), followed by Hiep Hoa district (4,153 tons of CH₄ per year). The area with the lowest emissions is the Luc Ngan district (392 tons per year). The total estimated emissions in 2030: The total CH₄ emissions from rice cultivation in Bac Giang province is 25,247 tons of CH₄. In the calculated results of CO₂ equivalents in 2022, the total CO₂ equivalent emissions from rice cultivation activities in Bac Giang province reached 712,836 tons of CO₂ equivalents per year. From 2018 to 2022, the total CO₂ equivalent emissions across the province decreased from 759,742 tons of CO₂ equivalents per year to only 712,836 tons of CO₂ equivalents per year. This decrease amounted to 46,906 tons of CO₂ equivalents per year. The forecast for emissions in 2030, the total CO₂ equivalent emissions is 706,915.8 tons of CO₂ equivalents, a reduction of 5,921 tons of CO₂ equivalents compared to 2022. The trend of emissions reduction in the rice cultivation sector is due to the district's policy of converting land use purposes from rice cultivation land to fruit tree cultivation land and residential land. The study has proposed appropriate measures for rice cultivation: Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) technique, Integrated Crop Management (ICM), replacing Urea fertilizer with SA fertilizer, producing biochar from agricultural residues, and mid-season drainage. This is necessary for rice cultivation activities to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and the rice cultivation sector.