China’s Three New Global Initiatives: Soft Power Strategy in the Middle East

Abstract

This paper examines China’s soft power strategy in the Middle East through the implementation of its three new global initiatives: the Global Development Initiative (GDI), the Global Security Initiative (GSI), and the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI). Drawing on Joseph Nye’s theoretical framework of soft power and discourse analysis of Chinese policy documents, official statement and media sources, the study clarifies how China integrates economic cooperation, security dialogue, and cultural exchange to strengthen its image and expand its influence in the region. However, these initiatives continue to face challenges related to transparency, cultural appeal, and regional competition for influence. The paper concludes that GDI, GSI, GCI are shaping an institutionalized model of soft power, and offers policy implications for Vietnam in fostering multilateral cooperation and ensuring strategic autonomy.