Economic activities of Vietnamese bourgeoisie in Southern Vietnam before World War I

Abstract

Before 1914, Vietnamese bourgeoisie in Southern Vietnam (also known as French Cochinchina) participated actively in producing and trading with various forms such as self-employment or in association with other domestic and foreign bourgeoisie. Despite being competed, hindered, and blocked by foreign bourgeoisie through trading, Vietnamese bourgeoisie learnt valuable lessons, particularly values of business ethics such as legal and legitimate businesses, prestige, and product quality.