Journal of Materials & Construction
type: channel
description: Journal of Vietnam Instritute for Building materials
language: en
publication name: Journal of Materials & Construction
issn: 2734-9438
items: Evaluation of the effectiveness of molybdate-based coating on reinforcing steel during the pre-construction phase of offshore projects
items: Deformation characteristics of foundations on expansive soils
items: Investigation of selected properties of porous asphalt using recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash
items: Solutions to improve construction progress management at the construction investment project management board
items: Characterization of municipal solid waste in Vietnam: Case study in Nghe An province
items: Promoting cooperation between enterprises and universities in the digital age
items: Delayed-Expansion MgO in mass concrete for Thermal-Stress control in arch dams: A comprehensive review and roadmap for Vietnam
items: Evaluation of the application potential of coral concrete for marine infrastructures
items: Determination of municipal solid waste characteristics and proposal of a household-scale management model in Sam Son ward, Thanh Hoa province
items: An advanced metaheuristic algorithm for resource leveling optimization in project management
items: Recycled aluminum can fibers for concrete reinforcement: Standardized testing of compressive strength and static elastic modulus
items: Automated RC-column design to TCVN 5574:2018 using excel VBA–CSi API integration
items: Assessing energy consumption and operational carbon emission: A case study of office building in Hanoi
items: Numerical Study on the Settlement of Soft Soil Reinforced by Soil-Cement Columns comparing to Viet Nam standard - A Case Study in Can Tho, Vietnam
items: Reuse of phosphogypsum as a sustainable retarder in PCB40 cement production
items: Designing reinforced concrete structures in bridge, port, railway construction: solutions to improve the quality of the protective concrete cover
items: Influence of modulus, thickness and material type on the mechanical behavior of pavement structures
items: An assessment of terrazzo tile properties: effect of waste incineration bottom ash content
items: Lessons from ancient houses in Dong Hoa Hiep village – sustainable architecture in the face of climate change
items: A review on light-emitting concrete using waste glass aggregates: Progress, potential, and challenges
items: Urban land management in Vietnam: Lessons from experience and technology application orientation
items: Design for repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam structures using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
items: Quantitative study and variation of free lime content in BOF slag using Leduc method
items: Preliminary assessment of the economic efficiency of using recycled fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete with high fly ash content
items: Investigation of different heaviside function forms in discontinuity problems
items: Influence of neighboring building on horizontal displacement of deep excavation diaphragm wall
items: Developing a multi-tiered decision-making framework for screening fdi construction projects in Vietnam: Integrating lean, green, and circular approaches toward Net-Zero 2050
items: Status of investment mobilization for road transport infrastructure via public-private partnerships (PPP)
items: Noise standards and the impact of noise on teaching and learning activities
items: Calculation of anchor - steel beam structure support for adit at Vi Kem mine

Evaluation of the effectiveness of molybdate-based coating on reinforcing steel during the pre-construction phase of offshore projects
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description: The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and the inhibition performance of ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM)/sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were investigated using electrochemical techniques (Tafel, EIS), gravimetric measurements, and SEM/EDS analyses. The unprotected steel showed rapid corrosion, as indicated by high Icorr, low Rcorr, and severe surface damage. The addition of AHM/Na₂CO₃ significantly reduced corrosion, with the In3 system (1.5 g/L AHM + 1.5 g/L Na₂CO₃) exhibited the best performance In3 achieved the lowest Icorr, the highest resistance, and an inhibition efficiency above 95%. Gravimetric measurements confirmed long-term stability, while SEM/EDS revealed a compact and adherent protective film that effectively blocked chloride penetration. These results highlight In3 as an highly effective and sustainable corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in chloride environments, suitable for protecting steel during transportation to offshore construction sites.
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creator: Le Van Toan
creator: Nguyen Quy Thanh
creator: Dang Minh Duc
creator: Dang Thi Thu Hien
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 138
ending page: Page 144

Deformation characteristics of foundations on expansive soils
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description: This paper focuses on evaluating the influence of expansive soils on shallow and pile foundations. The calculated results are analyzed to predict the magnitude of structural deformation when the subgrade beneath foundations becomes wetted, and to show that piles may be heaved during the construction stages.
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creator: Le Tien Nghia
creator: Nguyen Cong Luan
creator: Nguyen Cong Danh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 75
ending page: Page 79

Investigation of selected properties of porous asphalt using recycled concrete aggregates and fly ash
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description: The increasing frequency of urban flooding highlights the urgent need for effective surface drainage solutions, among which the Permeable Pavement System is considered a promising approach. Porous asphalt (PA) is commonly employed as the surface layer in such systems due to its high permeability. This study evaluates the impact of replacing natural aggregates (NA) with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in PA mixtures and examines how this substitution influences key mechanical and hydraulic properties of the material. A series of PA samples were fabricated and divided into two groups: one group incorporating RCA, and the other employing NA as the control. The investigated properties include bulk density, permeability coefficient, Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, Cantabro loss, and resistance to clogging. The results indicate that PA mixtures incorporating RCA exhibit lower bulk density, Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, and Cantabro resistance, with reductions of 11%, 14%, 5%, and 38.5%, respectively, compared with the NA samples. Conversely, the permeability coefficient of the RCA mixtures increases by approximately 9%. Despite the decrease in several mechanical indicators, all evaluated properties satisfy the technical requirements specified in TCVN 13048. Overall, the findings confirm the feasibility of using RCA in PA mixtures, offering benefits in reducing construction waste while enhancing surface drainage performance in urban infrastructure.
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creator: Thai Hong Nam
creator: Mai Nam Khanh
creator: Vi Anh Tu
creator: Tran Anh Danh
creator: Trinh Duy Dong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 19
ending page: Page 25

Solutions to improve construction progress management at the construction investment project management board
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description: Projects that progress slowly will have a considerable impact on the socio-economic landscape, leading to the loss and misallocation of state budget resources. It is essential to examine the factors influencing progress in order to identify solutions that enhance the management of construction progress in Tan Thanh district. To ensure the project is implemented on time and to enhance its effectiveness, this study has identified 25 factors that influence the management of construction progress, categorizing them into five distinct groups. The factors will undergo testing for Cronbach's Alpha reliability, utilizing SPSS software for data analysis. The author conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the observed variables. Based on the identified influencing factors, the author suggests several solutions aimed at enhancing the management of construction progress in Tan Thanh. These solutions are tailored to address specific groups of factors, including those related to the consulting unit's subjective factors, management and operation methods, investors and project management boards, other contributing factors, construction contractors, and design contractors.
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creator: Truong Cong Bang
creator: Nguyen Minh Tan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 36
ending page: Page 44

Characterization of municipal solid waste in Vietnam: Case study in Nghe An province
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description: Municipal solid waste (MSW) management remains a pressing challenge in rapidly urbanizing regions of Vietnam. This study presents the first node-specific characterization of MSW in Nghe An province, based on seven composite samples collected from sources, transfer stations, and landfill sites in urban area. Material fractions, physico-chemical properties, and energy content were analyzed following international standards. Results reveal strong spatial variability: organics dominate at source (up to 66% in market waste), while downstream streams are enriched in ash and inert fractions. Moisture content in Nghe An (31–51%) is markedly lower than the national average (~79%), yielding volatile solids of ~70% of total solids. Net heating value (NHV) ranges from 4.5 to 13.0 MJ/kg (mean ≈9.97 MJ/kg), exceeding the Vietnamese average (6–9 MJ/kg) but below values reported for China (~19 MJ/kg) and high-income countries (>12 MJ/kg). These findings suggest that large-scale incineration is unlikely to be viable; instead, node-specific solutions are recommended-composting or anaerobic digestion for organic-rich fractions, and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for dry, combustible streams. The study provides a baseline for integrated MSW management in Vietnam and demonstrates the value of node-specific analysis the low collection rate in the rural areas in Nghe An in guiding technology selection for lower-middle-income contexts.
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creator: Pham Van Dinh
creator: Pham Van Toi
creator: Leu Tho Bach
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 13
ending page: Page 18

Promoting cooperation between enterprises and universities in the digital age
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description: In the context of global competition and the development of the 4.0 industrial revolution, collaboration between enterprises and universities is a growing trend worldwide. For enterprises, effective cooperation with universities helps them improve their scientific and technological level, enhance production processes and product quality, and increase the productivity and quality of their human resources. Therefore, the level of cooperation between enterprises and universities is increasingly important. This article points out some characteristics of cooperation between enterprises and universities in the context of Vietnam, clarifies the theoretical basis of the relationship between enterprises and universities, proposes factors affecting the level of cooperation between enterprises and universities, and then recommends some solutions to enhance cooperation between enterprises and universities in the context of Industry 4.0.
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creator: Nguyen Thu Huong
creator: Nguyen Nhu Van
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 90
ending page: Page 92

Delayed-Expansion MgO in mass concrete for Thermal-Stress control in arch dams: A comprehensive review and roadmap for Vietnam
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description: Temperature cracking poses a major challenge in arch dams and other massive concrete structures. During cement hydration, heat accumulation followed by cooling creates tensile stresses that may exceed the material’s tensile strength, leading to cracking and structural weakening. For arch dams, where compressive integrity is essential to transfer loads to abutments, even small thermal cracks can endanger global stability. Magnesium oxide (MgO) has been proven over decades to be an effective internal expansive agent for controlling thermal stress in mass concrete. Its delayed hydration to magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)₂] generates gradual expansion that compensates for thermal contraction during cooling. This review summarizes mechanisms, laboratory results, field experiences, and modeling of MgO expansion, emphasizing its application in arch dams. Studies from projects such as Baishan, Qingxi, and Three Gorges show that 3-6% MgO can reduce peak thermal stress by up to 40% and crack density by about 50%. Microstructural analyses confirm a denser matrix and improved durability, while numerical models indicate lower tensile stress and higher stability. For Vietnam’s hydropower projects, this paper proposes applying MgO-based temperature-stress control through optimized dosage, particle-size refinement, and long-term validation to develop future TCVN standards for mass concrete in arch dams.
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creator: Nguyen Van Chinh
creator: Tieu Xuan Hoang
creator: Chu Viet Thuc
creator: Le Thai Binh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 80
ending page: Page 89

Evaluation of the application potential of coral concrete for marine infrastructures
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description: The growing demand for sustainable and cost-effective marine infrastructure in remote island regions has stimulated interest in locally sourced construction materials. This study investigates the feasibility of producing coral concrete using on-site marine resources, specifically coral coarse aggregates, coral sand, and seawater that are collected from offshore islands. A coral concrete mix was experimentally developed by optimizing the water-to-cement ratio and aggregate proportions, resulting in a compressive strength of 35.7 MPa after 28 days of curing, which corresponds to the strength grade B25. Physical and mechanical properties of the coral-derived aggregates were thoroughly characterized, and the estimated elastic modulus was computed using several empirical models to evaluate strength characteristics. In addition to mix development and material testing, the study explores potential applications of coral concrete in marine infrastructure. The study identifies key technical challenges, including dynamic resistance performance, limited long-term durability data under marine exposure, and a lack of design codes. The findings of this research contribute to expanding the application potential of coral concrete in Vietnam’s marine and coastal infrastructure systems.
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creator: Mai Viet Chinh
creator: Dinh Quang Trung
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 50
ending page: Page 60

Determination of municipal solid waste characteristics and proposal of a household-scale management model in Sam Son ward, Thanh Hoa province
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description: Sam Son Ward, Thanh Hoa Province is an area where Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is under significant pressure from seasonal tourism activities. The survey results show that the volume of generated MSW exhibits a significant seasonal fluctuation (increasing from 117.42m3 per day to 144m3 per day during the peak season), and the waste composition is predominantly organic matter (60%–70%) with high moisture content (52.15%). Current management efforts still face many shortcomings, particularly severe overload at the Trung Son Landfill and an absence of effective solutions for organic waste resource utilization. Therefore, the study proposes the core solution of implementing an at-source composting model (at the household/residential group scale) to alleviate the landfill burden, utilize resources, and enhance the effectiveness of sustainable tourism environmental management.
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creator: Bui Thi Thanh Thuy
creator: Nguyen Thi Binh Minh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 26
ending page: Page 30

An advanced metaheuristic algorithm for resource leveling optimization in project management
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description: Resource leveling is a critical method in construction project management, aimed at minimizing resource fluctuations and improving utilization efficiency across project schedules. However, addressing the complexity and high dimensionality of real-world scheduling problems remains a significant challenge. This study introduces an advanced nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that integrates mountain gazelle optimizer (MGO) with opposition-based learning (OBL) strategy to enhance resource leveling optimization. The novel approach leverages the demonstrated advantages of MGO and the population diversity benefits of OBL to prevent premature convergence, avoid entrapment in local optima, and improve solution quality. A case study is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Experimental results indicate that the hybrid algorithm outperforms benchmark algorithms in terms of convergence speed, solution accuracy, and overall stability. These findings underscore the potential of developed method to support efficient and reliable scheduling in construction project environments.
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creator: Pham Vu Hong Son
creator: Dau Thuy Dung
creator: Tran Le Anh
creator: Nguyen Dang Nghiep Trinh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 45
ending page: Page 49

Recycled aluminum can fibers for concrete reinforcement: Standardized testing of compressive strength and static elastic modulus
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description: This study examines the feasibility of repurposing post-consumer aluminum beverage-can scrap into macro-fibers for concrete reinforcement as a pathway toward more sustainable construction materials. Although aluminum offers low density, inherent corrosion resistance in many environments, and abundant waste streams, data on concrete reinforced with fibers cut from recycled cans remain limited. Cleaned cans were slit into strips of 100 × 10 × 1 mm and added at a 2% fiber volume fraction to a B15 concrete. Cube compressive strength was determined on 150 mm cubes in accordance with TCVN 3118:2022, and the static modulus of elasticity was measured on 150 × 300 mm cylinders following TCVN 5726:2022. Measured moduli were also compared with code-based predictions from ACI 318-19, AS 3600:2018, BS 8110-2:1985, and Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1). Relative to the plain control, the aluminum fiber–reinforced concrete exhibited ~22% lower cube strength (20.6 → 16.1 MPa) and ~11% lower modulus (23.99 → 21.31 GPa). The absolute differences between measured and code-predicted moduli were 5.8% (ACI), 11.3% (AS), 12.6% (BS), and 27.1% (EC2), indicating that current equations are not calibrated for concrete reinforced with recycled aluminum-can fibers. Compared with steel-fiber concrete, aluminum fibers did not enhance compressive strength but may offer benefits in post-cracking toughness, corrosion performance, and circularity. Recycled aluminum-can fibers appear feasible for non-structural or weight-sensitive concrete applications. Future work should optimize fiber geometry and dosage, improve dispersion and constructability, and include standardized flexural tests (ASTM C1609, EN 14651) to quantify post-cracking behavior.
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creator: Lam Thanh Quang Khai
creator: Do Nguyen Ngoc Ha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 31
ending page: Page 35

Automated RC-column design to TCVN 5574:2018 using excel VBA–CSi API integration
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description: In the Vietnamese structural engineering context, designing reinforced concrete columns to the updated standard TCVN 5574:2018 often involves time-consuming manual processes because mainstream software like ETABS does not yet natively support this code. This paper introduces an automated design approach directly linking ETABS with Excel through the CSi application programming interface (API), eliminating manual data export or import. The design procedure is implemented using Excel’s Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and CSi API macros, which programmatically control ETABS to control the model, retrieve analysis results and perform iterative design calculations to meet code requirements. By integrating analysis and design in a single automated loop, the workflow significantly accelerates the column design process and minimizes human errors compared to traditional manual or semi-manual methods. The verified results show that the tool can design multiple columns in just around 21 seconds instead of significant minutes. This efficient workflow saves time and provides a foundation for future enhancements, such as linking the system to AutoCAD for automatic reinforcement detailing.
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creator: Le Hoang
creator: Le Thi Anh Hong
creator: Do Hung Thoi
creator: Le Quoc Hai
creator: Nguyen Van Tam
creator: Tran Duc Thuong
creator: Bui Le Anh Tuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 112
ending page: Page 120

Assessing energy consumption and operational carbon emission: A case study of office building in Hanoi
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description: This study investigated the energy consumption characteristics and associated operational carbon emissions of a specific office building located in Hanoi during the period from Sep 2024 to May 2025. Monthly electricity consumption, technical and operational data were collected through site surveys and engineering drawings. The analysis revealed that energy consumption was strongly influenced by seasonal climatic conditions, with cooling loads driving the increased electricity demand during the warmer months (September – November, 2024 and April – May, 2025). Plug loads were identified as the largest contributor to the total energy consumption of the office building during the study period, followed by air-conditioning systems, outdoor lighting systems, ventilation systems, indoor lighting systems, elevators, and domestic water pumps. The monthly CO₂ emission estimations showed a strong relationship with the monthly electricity consumption, resulting in the elevated operational carbon emission levels during high cooling demand periods. The findings implied that the targeted energy-saving measures such as enhanced operational management and improvements in air-conditioning systems could collectively reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions of the office building. This case study contributes valuable insights for building owners and managers, designers, and policy makers aiming to improve the energy and environmental performance of office buildings.
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creator: Nguyen Duc Luong
creator: Nguyen Thi Hue
creator: Nguyen Huy Tien
creator: Nguyen Van Duy
creator: Hoang Xuan Hoa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 61
ending page: Page 64

Numerical Study on the Settlement of Soft Soil Reinforced by Soil-Cement Columns comparing to Viet Nam standard - A Case Study in Can Tho, Vietnam
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description: Soft clay in the Mekong Delta often settles too much under road embankments. This paper studies how the main geometric factors of soil–cement columns (SCCs)—column length and spacing—change the settlement. Forty-two 2D PLAXIS models were run for four lengths (8, 10, 12, 14 m) and nine spacing ratios (Sc/D = 2.0–4.0, column diameter 0.8 m). For the block ground reinforced by SCC, the calculated settlements were compared with Vietnamese standards TCVN 9403:2012 values and TCCS 41:2022. The results show three clear trends. First, short columns (8 m) give large settlement that grows quickly as spacing widens, while columns 12 m or longer make settlements almost constant for the same spacing range. Second, an economical spacing ratio of Sc/D is from 2.0 to 2.5. Third, the code method is inconsistent: it underestimates settlement for tight grids but overestimates it for long columns with wide grids. The study concludes that 12 m SCCs spaced at 2.0D –3.0D give deltaic clay the best balance between cost and performance. Wider grids or deeper columns should be checked with finite-element analysis to avoid unsafe or overly conservative designs.
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creator: Le Thi Anh Hong
creator: Do Hung Thoi
creator: Tran Thi Phuong
creator: Hua Anh Vu
creator: Huy Thanh Phong
creator: Vo Van Liem
creator: Nguyen Huu Trong
creator: Do Duc Thanh
creator: Do Hoang Khai
creator: Nguyen Van Thai
creator: Nguyen Sinh Hung
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 93
ending page: Page 102

Reuse of phosphogypsum as a sustainable retarder in PCB40 cement production
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description: Vietnam faces a significant challenge due to its limited natural gypsum resources, which have been imported to meet the demand of cement production. Besides, the country is grappling with the environmental issue of thousands of tons of phosphogypsum waste discharged annually from Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer production. This industrial byproduct poses substantial environmental concerns, highlighting an urgent need for sustainable waste management solutions. This study addresses these critical issues by reusing phosphogypsum as a sustainable alternative to natural gypsum in the manufacturing of PCB 40 cement. This work investigates the effect of varying phosphogypsum content, ranging from 1.5% to 5%, on cement properties, including standard water content, soundness, setting time, and compressive strength. To establish a comparative analysis, the experimental results were compared against a reference cement that incorporates 4% natural gypsum. The findings demonstrate that phosphogypsum can effectively substitute natural gypsum without compromising the quality or performance of the cement. Furthermore, the study confirms that cement produced with phosphogypsum consistently meets all established Vietnamese national standards for the examined properties. In an innovative step, the study also leveraged a 4th-degree polynomial regression model to predict the optimal phosphogypsum content. The model identified an optimal dosage of 3.5% phosphogypsum for maximizing compressive strength. The optimized 3.5% phosphogypsum formulation achieved a compressive strength of 58.3 MPa, which is 3% higher than that of the natural gypsum control. This prediction illustrated remarkable alignment with the experimental data, underscoring the potential of predictive modeling in cement production. This study paves a promising way in the reuse of phosphogypsum in construction materials, aiming at reducing impact on environment and sustainable development.
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creator: Ho Viet Thang
creator: Ngo Hoang Lan Anh
creator: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hien
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 103
ending page: Page 111

Designing reinforced concrete structures in bridge, port, railway construction: solutions to improve the quality of the protective concrete cover
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description: This study presents an experimental investigation into the development of concrete suitable for structural components used in coastal environments. Due to the aggressive conditions in marine settings—such as high salinity, moisture, and temperature fluctuations—concrete durability is a critical concern. The research focuses on optimizing concrete mix designs by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials—specifically 10% fly ash and 30–40% ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) to enhance the mechanical performance and durability of the concrete. A series of laboratory tests were conducted, including compressive strength, chloride ion penetration, to evaluate the behavior of the proposed concrete mixtures. The results indicate that certain combinations of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and admixtures significantly improve resistance to chloride ingress and corrosion, making them suitable candidates for use in coastal structural components. These concrete mixtures achieved a minimum compressive strength of 30 MPa at 28 days and demonstrated excellent durability with charge passed values below 1000 Coulombs, indicating low chloride ion penetrability. These findings contribute to the development of more durable and sustainable concrete structures in marine environments.
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creator: Thai Minh Quan
creator: Dang Thi Thu Hien
creator: Nguyen Tuan Cuong
creator: Le Quang Hung
creator: Nguyen Thanh Sang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 121
ending page: Page 130

Influence of modulus, thickness and material type on the mechanical behavior of pavement structures
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description: This study investigates the effects of elastic modulus, layer thickness and material type on pavement structures using simulations with the Alizé-LCPC software. Two pavement types were analyzed: (i) flexible and (ii) high-grade pavements. The evaluated indicators include tensile strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer (εT), vertical strain at the top of the subgrade (εZ) and surface deflection (D0). The results indicate a nonlinear relationship between asphalt layer thickness and tensile strain, with a “critical thickness zone” where εT reaches its maximum before decreasing as the layer becomes thicker. Asphalt thickness strongly influences all three indicators, while its elastic modulus primarily governs εT. The unbound granular base mainly affects subgrade strain but has limited impact on surface deflection and tensile strain. Pavements with only unbound granular bases show low structural efficiency, whereas high-modulus base layers in high-grade pavements substantially reduce εT, εZ and D0, enhancing overall structural strength and stability.
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creator: Hoang Thi Thanh Nhan
creator: Nguyen Quang Tuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 65
ending page: Page 74

An assessment of terrazzo tile properties: effect of waste incineration bottom ash content
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description: The increasing scarcity of natural aggregates and the rising cost of raw materials in the construction industry are driving the demand for sustainable alternatives. At the same time, municipal solid waste incineration generates significant volumes of bottom ash, which is typically landfilled, posing environmental and economic challenges. This study explores the technical and economic feasibility of using waste incineration bottom ash (WIBA), blended with coal thermal fly ash (FA), as a partial or full substitute for crushed sand in the production of terrazzo tiles—a high-value, architectural cementitious product requiring strong mechanical performance and a polished surface finish. Five mix designs were developed, with WIBA-FA blends at a fixed WIBA:FA ratio of 75:25 by mass were used to replace 0% (control), 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% crushed sand in the mixtures. The tiles were fabricated using a semi-dry pressing method and cured for 28 days before testing. Experimental evaluation included flexural and compressive strengths, full and surface water absorption, surface abrasion resistance, and material cost analysis. Results showed that the mix (X5) with 70% WIBA inclusion achieved a 30.1% reduction in cost while meeting all technical requirements, with compressive and flexural strengths of 28.6 MPa and 3.8 MPa, respectively. Moreover, a multivariate overall performance score was developed to identify the optimal formulation by integrating normalized strength, durability, and cost metrics. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the viability of using WIBA–FA blends in high-finish terrazzo tiles and contribute a quantitative framework for material optimization under sustainability and performance constraints.
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creator: Huynh Trong Phuoc
creator: Bui Quoc Trung
creator: Van Pham Dan Thuy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 4
ending page: Page 12

Lessons from ancient houses in Dong Hoa Hiep village – sustainable architecture in the face of climate change
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description: Climate change is increasingly having a significant and evident impact on the Mekong Delta, in Vietnam, negatively affecting various aspects of daily life, culture, and society for the local communities. In particular, housing is a type of architectural structure that is directly influenced by extreme weather phenomena. These impacts include (i) heat causing thermal discomfort; (ii) heavy rains, flooding, and erosion leading to landslides and the collapse of riverside structures; and (iii) droughts causing saltwater intrusion, freshwater shortages affecting the house-garden ecosystem. In this context, the ancient houses in the Dong Hoa Hiep ancient village, located in Cai Be District, Tien Giang Province, which have been recognized for their cultural and artistic heritage values, have demonstrated their ability to adapt to climate change in the current era through architectural solutions developed by previous generations over hundreds of years. This study aims to synthesize and analyze the climate-adaptive design solutions found in the ancient houses of Dong Hoa Hiep village, thereby drawing lessons on climate-adaptive architecture for housing in the Mekong Delta region.
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creator: Tran Cong Danh
creator: Le Thi Hong Na
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 131
ending page: Page 137

A review on light-emitting concrete using waste glass aggregates: Progress, potential, and challenges
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description: Light-emitting concrete (LEC) has recently gained significant attention as a multifunctional construction material that integrates sustainability, energy efficiency, and aesthetics. By incorporating phosphorescent powders and recycled waste glass aggregates, LEC not only emits light in dark environments but also promotes circular economy practices through the reuse of post-consumer glass. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape surrounding LEC, including its historical development, material composition, fabrication methods, optical and mechanical properties, practical applications, and environmental benefits. Special emphasis is placed on recent innovations and experimental findings in Vietnam, where local materials and techniques have been adapted to optimize performance. Challenges such as alkali-silica reaction, durability of luminescent compounds, and the absence of standardization are critically discussed. Finally, future research directions are proposed, including smart integration with energy systems and potential for self-sensing or self-healing capabilities. The findings suggest that LEC represents a promising solution for sustainable urban development, particularly in contexts requiring low-energy illumination and resource reuse.
subject: Sience Articles
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creator: Nguyen Thanh Van
creator: Huynh Tan Phat
creator: Huynh Dac Tin
creator: Nguyen Ngoc Tri Huynh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 191
ending page: Page 194

Urban land management in Vietnam: Lessons from experience and technology application orientation
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description: Vietnam is currently going through a vigorous process of urbanization, as well as digital transformation and modern technology application. Urban land management in Vietnam is still confronted with numerous challenges and limitations. Building digital land databases, applying GIS, AI and IoT technology in monitoring and governingland resources, and developing integrated management platforms are becoming the major trends in many countries. This article aims to summarize some lessons from experience in managing urban land in Vietnam, consequently proposing some suitable technology applications in order to enhance efficiency, transparency and management capacity in the land sector.
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creator: Nguyen Huu Nha
creator: Dao Phuong Nam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 185
ending page: Page 190

Design for repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam structures using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
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description: Composite materials made from high molecular weight fibers and polymers , commonly known as Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) , have emerged as a modern alternative to traditional materials in the repair and restoration of damaged structures. FRP materials are characterized by their lightweight nature, excellent corrosion resistance and extremely high tensile strength. They come in a variety of forms, from thin factory-made sheets to dry fiber fabrics that can be wrapped around the shape of structural members and then impregnated with a polymer-based binder. The relatively thin profile of cured FRP layers makes them particularly suitable for applications where aesthetic considerations are required in concrete structures. This paper presents a method for designing reinforced concrete beam structures in civil construction works using FRP panels. This method is applied and evaluated through a case study at a project of a Trade Center, Supermarket and Product Exhibition Complex in Hoang Mai District, Hanoi.
subject: Sience Articles
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creator: Nguyen Ngoc Thang
creator: Pham Nguyen Hoang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 172
ending page: Page 179

Quantitative study and variation of free lime content in BOF slag using Leduc method
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description: The main issue hindering the widespread use of steel slag as a construction material is its volumetric instability. This instability is mainly caused by the hydration of free lime and magnesium oxide. Particularly, free lime is the primary contributor to the volume instability in converter slags. Therefore, quantifying the lime content in the slag is essential for assessing its stability. The determination of free lime content is challenging due to its various forms and distribution within the slag. This study employs the Leduc method complemented by TGA and XRD to quantify free lime in selected BOF slags and investigates its distribution. Results show varying free lime content in different slags. Analysis of aggregates indicates higher free lime in cores than periphery. For fine materials, free lime content increases with decreasing particle size, with the smallest fraction (0/0.04 mm) providing the most representative value. These findings contribute to understanding BOF slag properties and improving methods for assessing its stability for construction use.
subject: Sience Articles
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creator: Dao Phuc Lam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 167
ending page: Page 171

Preliminary assessment of the economic efficiency of using recycled fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete with high fly ash content
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description: This paper presents a preliminary study on the economic efficiency of using recycled fine aggregate (RFA) from concrete waste, combined with a high fly ash content to produce self-compacting concrete (SCC) in Vietnam. Evaluation results indicate that using 100% RFA can reduce the material cost of SCC production to approximately 905,149 VND/m³, representing a decrease of 10.74% compared to SCC using natural sand and 31.64% compared to conventional concrete of equivalent grade (M400). The integration of RFA with high fly ash content emerges as a feasible solution, reducing construction costs while also contributing to environmental protection and natural resource conservation.
subject: Sience Articles
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creator: Nguyen Hung Cuong
creator: Nguyen Anh Duc
creator: Chu Thi Hai Ninh
creator: Doan Hieu
creator: Luong Tuan Dung
creator: Nguyen Dang Nhat Minh
creator: Do Xuan Cuong
creator: Dang Tan Tai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 163
ending page: Page 166

Investigation of different heaviside function forms in discontinuity problems
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description: This study investigates the impact of different mathematical forms of the Heaviside function on the numerical solution of discontinuity problems using the extended finite element method (XFEM). The Heaviside function is commonly employed to represent displacement jumps across discontinuities, such as cracks or material interfaces, through enrichment functions. Although several formulations exist, it remains unclear whether these differences influence the accuracy or consistency of numerical results. In this work, multiple cases involving a one-dimensional bar with an internal discontinuity are analyzed using distinct Heaviside formulations. Results show that, despite variations in the enrichment terms, the computed nodal displacements and overall structural responses are identical across all cases. This confirms that the numerical solution is invariant with respect to the specific form of the Heaviside function used. The findings support the robustness of XFEM and offer practical flexibility for implementation in discontinuity modeling without compromising numerical reliability.
subject: Sience Articles
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creator: Nguyen Ngoc Thang
creator: Nguyen Mai Chi Trung
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 156
ending page: Page 162

Influence of neighboring building on horizontal displacement of deep excavation diaphragm wall
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description: The Plaxis model is built based on the finite element method, the application of this method to calculate and simulate geotechnical problems is based on the integration in the Morh-Coulomb and Hardening Soil foundation models, and some other models to evaluate the reliability of the problems. This study has proposed a model area limit when analyzing deep excavations using Plaxis software, the model area limit depends on the excavation width, excavation depth and length of the diaphragm wall. Research on the influence of the model area limit on the results of horizontal displacement analysis of the diaphragm wall shows that once the model area limit has reached a reasonable size, expanding the model area limit has a negligible effect on the results of horizontal displacement analysis of the diaphragm wall in the excavation. With the specific nature of geotechnical works and complex terrain, construction on weak soil and checking the safety of construction methods are really necessary issues and need to be studied. This study also considers the horizontal displacement of the diaphragm wall at the heights: -1.8m, -5.2m, -8.7m when considering the influence of neighboring structures with the height of the structure being 1 floor, 2 floors, 6 floors and 9 floors for the case with and without consolidation load.
subject: Sience Articles
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creator: Lam Hoang Khang
creator: Lam Ngoc Qui
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 139
ending page: Page 146

Developing a multi-tiered decision-making framework for screening fdi construction projects in Vietnam: Integrating lean, green, and circular approaches toward Net-Zero 2050
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description: Vietnam's pledge to attain net-zero emissions by 2050 requires effective strategies to assess the sustainability of foreign direct investment (FDI) construction projects. This study introduces a multi-tiered decision-making framework that integrates lean construction, green building, and circular economy ideas into a unified assessment tool. Eight pilot FDI projects, representing four primary FDI categories: Food & Beverage Processing Facilities, Electronics & Tech Manufacturing Plants, High-Rise Residential/Mixed-Use Buildings, and Commercial/Industrial Parks, are used to deduce weights in multiple linear regression. Three other projects were assessed to verify the framework's prediction precision. Results demonstrate that elevated index scores are associated with enhanced resource efficiency, reduced carbon footprints, and superior waste management techniques. A tier classification system (Platinum, Gold, Silver, Bronze) provides explicit benchmarks for politicians and investors, aiding in the allocation of incentives and promoting ongoing enhancement. This approach customizes lean, green, and circular tactics to local contexts, aligning foreign direct investment projects with Vietnam's decarbonization path and offering a pragmatic model for evaluating construction proposals in developing countries.
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creator: Nguyen Anh Duc
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 130
ending page: Page 138

Status of investment mobilization for road transport infrastructure via public-private partnerships (PPP)
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description: In the context of international integration, road transport infrastructure plays a crucial role in connecting production, transportation, and the distribution of goods among localities, regions, and countries, thereby contributing to national development. Investment in road transport infrastructure is considered one of the top priorities in the process of industrialization and modernization, serving as a foundation for rapid, stable, and sustainable socio-economic development. Given the significant capital demand for transport infrastructure across Vietnam in general and in each locality in particular, mobilizing investment from alternative financial sources is essential to alleviate pressure on the state budget during the country’s socio-economic development. Attracting investment in road transport infrastructure through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mechanisms has become a matter of great interest among regulatory authorities, investors, and enterprises.
subject: Sience Articles
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creator: Hoang Bao Phuc
creator: Le Quoc Dat
creator: Hoang Thi Nhung
creator: Pham Thi Mai Linh
creator: Chu Thuy Quynh
creator: Hoang Thi Hang Nga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 124
ending page: Page 129

Noise standards and the impact of noise on teaching and learning activities
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description: This study investigates noise pollution, a significant environmental and public health concern. It provides a comprehensive overview of noise standards in Vietnam, the United States, and Japan, comparing permissible levels across various environments including specific areas, residential zones, and workplaces. The comparative analysis reveals substantial variations, with Japan imposing the strictest regulations, particularly noted in special areas and workplaces. The document then examines the far-reaching impacts of noise, detailing its effects on general health, including nervous system, cardiovascular issues, sleep disorders, and hearing loss. Crucially, it explores the specific impacts on teaching and learning activities, highlighting impairments to cognitive performance, creation of communication barriers, and adverse health effects on both students and lecturers. A practical measurements study was conducted by students under supervisor of lecturer, at Lecture Hall A2, in University of Transport and Communications. Actual noises levels were collected by students during class and break times, and these measurements frequently exceeded both Vietnamese and United States standards, particularly when influenced by external sources like the metro and traffic. Based on these findings, the research proposes a range of technical and management solutions aimed at mitigating noise pollution in educational settings, such as installing soundproof materials and adjusting operational schedules.
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creator: Pham Vu Ha
creator: Nguyen Thi Lien
creator: Nguyen Van An
creator: Luu Anh Dung
creator: Vu Hong Ban
creator: Nguyen Tien Hai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 49
ending page: Page 53

Calculation of anchor - steel beam structure support for adit at Vi Kem mine
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description: When supporting the adit with a trapezoidal steel frame was applied at Vi Kem mine, the results showed that the rock mass was slightly compressed and moved on the steel frame at the adit crown. The rock mass on both sides of the adit had almost no displacement. Therefore, the anchor-steel beam structure was proposed to replace the trapezoidal steel frame structure. This structure replaces the trapezoidal steel support frame when the adit sides are stable to reduce the costs of materials and support labor, while helping to increase the speed of adit excavation. The subject of application is the adit along the seam and through the seam at Vi Kem mine. First, the paper classifies the rock mass, calculates the pressure acting on the adit crown according to Protodiakonov, and analyzes the wedge formed on the adit crown using numerical methods. Next, the calculation is made for the new anchor-steel beam structure suitable for the pressure at the adit crown. The construction results show the effectiveness of this new anchor-steel beam structure.
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creator: Pham Van Vi
creator: Le Thai Binh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Materials & Construction
date: 2025-05-27
publication date: 2025-05-27
starting page: 112
ending page: Page 116