Influence of cutting parameters on cutting forces and tool wear in CNC milling of AISI 1043 steel

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of cutting parameters— cutting velocity, feed rate, and radial depth of cut on cutting forces and tool wear in CNC milling of AISI 1043 steel. Experiments were performed on a TC500 CNC milling machine, with a Type 9139AA dynamometer used for cutting force measurement and a VHX-7000 digital microscope employed for tool wear analysis. The Taguchi L9 experimental design was applied to systematically assess the influence of machining parameters, and statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate their impact on the output variables. The results indicate that radial depth of cut has the most significant influence on cutting forces, while cutting velocity is the primary factor affecting tool wear. Feed rate plays a secondary role in both cutting forces and tool wear. The findings emphasize the importance of optimizing machining parameters to enhance tool life and improve machining efficiency.