Modern Western social Democracy: Origins and development

Abstract

The article analyzes the concept of social democracy and modern Western social
democracy from its historical origins, ideological development, and political practice of this movement
in the West from the 19th century to its development and adjustments in the 20th and 21st centuries.
Through historical-theoretical analysis, the article emphasizes the necessity of a dialectical attitude
when referencing Western models - not mechanically copying but selectively adapting them to suit
Vietnam’s historical, cultural, and institutional conditions.