The role of global public goods in China’s foreign security policy since the XX National Congress

Abstract

In the context of profound transformations in the international order and intensifying strategic competition among major powers, China has actively promoted its foreign security policy following the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party. This policy emphasizes the integration of hard and soft power to safeguard national interests, maintain stability, and expand global influence. One of the most prominent approaches is the provision of “global public goods” with a distinctive Chinese imprint, including the Belt and road Initiative (BRI), the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI). The findings of this study demonstrate that these initiatives are not only tools for China to assert its international role but also serve to advance its security priorities and foster a favorable international environment for development. Through an analysis of the 20th Party Congress Report, relevant policy frameworks, and recent actions, this paper clarifies how China redefines the concept and function of global public goods in international relations. Based on this analysis, the study provides several policy recommendations for Vietnam aimed at enhancing its strategic responsiveness and safeguarding national interests in an increasingly complex global environment.