Vitamin D supplementation in infants: a narrative review of guidelines in Asia
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Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation is recommended in two main contexts: for the treatment of rickets, for persons with potential vitamin D deficiency, defined as serum 25(OH) D below a defined threshold (i.e., 25 nmol/L) or in populations in locations where endogenous production may be insufficient. Longitudinal studies have indicated a significant association of the low vitamin D status in pregnant mothers and their offspring. Breastfeeding is shown as a risk factor determining a low serum 25(OH)D in infants, even in locations with an abundance of sunlight resulting in recommendations for the supplementation of infants, particularly breastfed infants. Ten micrograms of vitamin D are commonly recommended as a safe level of supplementation. In Asia there have been few, large - scale studies on plasma vitamin D concentration in infants. A review of recommendations for infant supplementation in Asia with vitamin D reveals inconsistent practices, showing the need for further research.
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