Program 135’s Impacts on the livelihood of the Mường people in Cẩm Thủy district, Thanh Hóa province

Abstract

Under the influence of the Program 135, in recent time, the livelihood of the Mường people in Cẩm Thủy district, Thanh Hóa province, Vietnam (especially in four key communes in our research which are Cẩm Giàng, Cẩm Lương, Cẩm Liên, Cẩm Thành) although is still at low level, but has had a significant and rapid change. This change has been manifested in the human capital and the natural, financial, material and social capitals. So we can see the important role of the Program 135 to the development of Mường people's livelihood here, especially of the process of investment in the system of electricity, roads, schools, and medical stations, creating conditions for investment in production.