Marxism in the XXI Century and Marx’s Ideas of Human

Tóm tắt

In comparison with the Marx’s doctrines of capital and surplus value, of materialistic determinism and socio-economic forms, or of the proletariat and socialism, human issue is not his central theme. However, Marx’s ideas of human nature though represented mainly in the “young Marx” period, are significant enough to survive in the mankind’s thinking treasure as a considerably influential and substantial doctrine to human sciences and the cause of human liberation. Against the background of the 200th anniversary of Karl Marx’s birth, the paper provides information about attitudes of international community toward Marxism in recent years. Marx’s great ideas of human nature and their values today to be analysed in the paper include: 1) Human beings are a natural entity that possess human nature; 2) Nature is human’s inorganic body; 3) Humans are realistic individuals including their activities and physical living conditions; 4) Human nature is the harmonic sum of social relations; 5) Each individual’s free development is the condition for everyone’s free development. These ideas prove meaningful dimensions that remain core theoretical premise of various human sciences. In reality, they also act as guidelines of worldviews and methodologies in many social theories.