ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS OF LASER WELDING AND 3D METAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGY IN SMART MANUFACTURING

Abstract

In the context of transitioning toward smart manufacturing, laser welding and metal 3D printing are becoming two key technologies for the fabrication and restoration of mechanical components. This paper provides an overview of their operating principles, technical characteristics, techno-economic effciency, and practical applications. The analysis shows that laser welding offers outstanding advantages in energy concentration, precision, minimal heat-affected zones, and high weld quality, making it suitable for sectors that demand high stability such as mold manufacturing, energy systems, and aerospace. Meanwhile, metal 3D printing technologies (PBF/SLM/DED) enable the production of complex geometries, structural optimization, and a signifcant reduction in research and development (R&D) time. The paper also examines the opportunities and challenges of implementing these technologies in Vietnam and proposes development directions for the coming period.