Electric vehicles-technical challenges

Abstract

Electric vehicles, including battery-powered vehicles and hydrogen-fuel cell vehicles, are potential future substitutes for traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. These vehicles offer several advantages, such as high efficiency, suitable torque characteristics, noise-free operation, and zero emissions. However, electric vehicles also have some common disadvantages, including low onboard energy density storage, short cruising range, high initial cost, and significant investment in recharginginfrastructure. Fortunately, advancements in technology and materials have led to improvements in battery energy density and reduced charging times. Additionally, the development of new materials has also made significant progress in the hydrogen storage technology, particularly in the form of hydrides. The single motor powertrain has an advantage in reusing most components of traditional vehicles. The in-wheel motor is an optimal solution for the mechanical structure of the powertrain system and can improve vehicle efficiency. As the cost of batteries and hydrogen fuel cells continues to drop, it is predicted that electric vehicles will become cheaper than traditional vehicles in the near future. In the short term, when the infrastructure for electric vehicle operation is not widely available, a step-by-step electrification approach approach through hybrid vehicles is appropriate. In our country, this intermediate step can begin when the EURO VI emission standard is applied. In the medium term, battery electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can coexist. In the long term, as the hydrogen-based economy progresses, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles may become dominant.