Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cleistocalyx operculatus (roxb.) Merr. Et perry extracts and investigation of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced from AgNO₃ precursor solution utilizing water extract as a reducing agent. Simultaneously, the emulsion system consisting of ethyl acetate fraction of Cleistocalyx operculatus leaves and silver salt solution was examined in the nanoparticle creation process. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and Zeta potential. The results demonstrate that, the synthesized AgNPs are approximately 20-70 nm in size. These nanoparticles can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.39 - 4.78 µg/ml. The findings of the study suggest that, green nanotechnology could be applied to infectious disease treatment.