Design and experiment of independent Four-Wheel Drive system for electric vehicles

Tóm tắt

This paper presents the design and experimental implementation of an independent Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) system for a low-speed electric vehicle, using four 350 W Brushless DC (BLDC) hub motors integrated directly into the wheels. Each motor is independently controlled by a PID controller and an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, allowing precise speed regulation of each wheel. The speed feedback signals are obtained from the Hall sensors integrated within the motors, while the steering angle Encoder sensor and Hall-type throttle pedal sensor provide input data for calculating the reference speed of each wheel. Experimental results show that the PID controller implemented on the Arduino Mega 2560 is capable of effectively controlling the speed of all four wheels, ensuring stable vehicle operation. Although minor speed fluctuations occur due to load differences, the system responds well when transitioning from low to high speeds.