Optimization of jackfruit seed starch hydrolysis process using glucoamylase: Response surface methodology approach

Abstract

Jackfruit seeds, an underutilized by-product of jackfruit processing, are rich in starch and represent a promising raw material for bioconversion into fermentable sugars. This study investigated the enzymatic hydrolysis of jackfruit seed starch using glucoamylase to produce reducing sugars. The effects of incubation temperature and reaction time were initially evaluated using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, followed by optimization through response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). The optimal hydrolysis conditions were 70.75°C of incubation temperature and 4.8 h of reaction time, resulting in the highest reducing sugar concentration of 9.286 ± 0.228 mg/mL. The findings highlight the potential of using jackfruit seeds as a substrate for the enzymatic hydrolysis to produce fermentable sugars, contributing to sustainable waste valorization and bioethanol production.