The relationship between criminal liability and penalty

Abstract

Crimes, criminal liability and penalty are the root issues of criminal law. Properly resolving any criminal case is ultimately clarifying the above core issues. Therefore, on the basis of the contents of criminal liability and penalty, the article focuses on explaining the characteristics of the relationship between criminal responsibility and penalty from the perspective of philosophy in combination with criminal law science. It then provides directions for continueing the improvement of the provisions on criminal liability and penalty  in the 2015 Criminal Code in order to meet the development trends of the criminal law (specifically, humanitarian trends, and division of criminal responsibility and internationalization), contributing to improving the effectiveness of preventing and combating crimes, effectively protecting human rights and citizens' rights under the new requirements of the country.