Applying Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory to study student motivation

Abstract

Victor Vroom’s (1964) Expectancy Theory explains learning motivation based on the belief that effort will lead to desired results if the individual believes that: (1) effort will produce good performance (Expectation), (2) that performance will be rewarded (Tool), and (3) the reward is valuable to them (Value). Applied in education, this theory helps understand students’ learning motivation. Studies have shown that if students believe in the connection between effort, results, and valuable rewards, they will be more motivated to learn.