Smartphones increasingly assert an indispensable role for users in general and students at National Academy of Public Administration in particular. The use of smartphones by students is inevitable in today's technology era. However, students have differen

Abstract

Smartphones increasingly assert an indispensable role for users in general and students at National Academy of Public Administration in particular. The use of smartphones by students is inevitable in today's technology era. However, students have different purposes, and time of using smartphones, so the appropriate level of students' smartphone use is not the same.