Assessment of the potential for renewable energy use in urban wastewater treatment plants in Vietnam

Abstract

In the context of climate change and the depletion of fossil energy resources, the application of renewable energy in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Vietnam represents a promising solution. WWTPs consume a substantial amount of electricity (0.3–0.6 kWh/m³ of wastewater), primarily derived from fossil fuels, resulting in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With significant potential for renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and biogas, Vietnam can leverage these resources to reduce costs and GHG emissions. Solutions such as the installation of solar panels, recovery of biogas from waste sludge, and utilization of wind energy have demonstrated effectiveness through pilot projects at the Binh Hung WWTP (Ho Chi Minh City). To expand these initiatives, there is a need for supportive policies, investment in technology, and enhanced public awareness. The application of renewable energy not only mitigates emissions but also contributes to achieving the net-zero emissions target by 2050.