Scientific and practical basis for application of sludge treatment wetlands for Hanoi urban lake sediments

Abstract

Hanoi has recently been facing tremendous pressure in sludge management due to the large number of urban lakes with few renovated and dredged lakes, leading to a high amount of sludge generation and a high requirement for landfill land. At the same time, measures need to be taken to stabilize and eliminate environmental pollutants in Hanoi lake sedimentation. Sludge treatment wetlands (STWs) have been applied worldwide, including in Vietnam, to stabilize drainage and fecal sludge. STWs have proven effective in drying, mineralizing organic substances, and simultaneously removing heavy metals and pathogens instead of separating drying and stabilizing sludge facilities. However, STWs have yet to be applied to treat urban lake sludge, especially for eutrophic lakes like in Hanoi. Therefore, this article focuses on understanding the operating mechanism of STWsand the current status of lake sludge management in Hanoi to evaluate
the possibility of applying STWs for Hanoi lake sedimentation.

Keywords: Hanoi urban lakes; lake sedimentation management; sludge treatment wetlands.