Tạp chí của Viện Sức khỏe Cộng đồng
CLINICAL, PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COLONOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS IN THAI NGUYEN
Objective: Description of colonoscopic lesion characteristics and related factors in patients with spondyloarthritis treated in Thai Nguyen. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 46 patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis according to the 2009 ASAS criteria, from June 2024 to September 2025, at the Department of Rheumatology of Hospital A and Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Results: The locations of joint pain observed clinically were most commonly in the axial joints, while peripheral joints were less frequently affected and typically involved the lower limbs. In the study group, 10.9% of patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, among which digestive disorders and abdominal pain were the most common. Colonoscopy results showed colonic mucosal lesions in 21.7% of cases. The most frequent sites of endoscopic lesions were the ileocecal region and the rectum. Congestion and edema were the two most common endoscopic lesion types. The degree of mucosal damage was generally mild, accounting for 10.9% of cases. There was a significant correlation between age at disease onset and the presence of peripheral arthritis symptoms with HLA-B27 positivity, as well as between gastrointestinal symptoms and endoscopic colonic lesions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Colonoscopy should be performed in patients with spondyloarthritis to detect early intestinal lesions, even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, in order to facilitate early diagnosis and timely treatment.
THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF CONGENITAL CATARACT TREATMENT AT THE VIETNAM NATIONAL EYE HOSPITAL DURING THE PERIOD 2024-2025
Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of congenital cataract treatment at the Vietnam National Eye Hospital during the period 2024-2025. Subjects and methods: This was a prospective interventional case series conducted on 15 eyes (10 patients) diagnosed with congenital cataract who underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. All patients were examined preoperatively and followed up for 3 months postoperatively. Results: The patients’ ages ranged from 5 months to 15 years, with a mean age at surgery of 6.44 ± 4.11 years. The most common presenting symptoms were poor vision, strabismus, and leukocoria. The predominant types of cataract were nuclear (46.67%) and capsular (40%). All patients underwent cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. The mean visual acuity improved from 0.88 ± 0.42 LogMAR preoperatively to 0.27 ± 0.15 LogMAR at 3 months postoperatively. The main residual refractive error after surgery was hyperopia. Postoperative complications included elevated intraocular pressure in 1/15 eyes and uveal inflammatory reaction in 1/15 eyes. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of congenital cataract significantly improves postoperative visual acuity. Careful postoperative monitoring is necessary to detect and manage possible complications.
OUTCOMES OF PEDIATRIC SUPRACONDYLAR HUMERUS FRACTURE TREATMENT BY CLOSED REDUCTION AND PERCUTANEOUS KIRSCHNER WIRE FIXATION IN THAI NGUYEN NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Objective: This study aims to evaluate outcomes and analyze factors affecting the results of closed reduction and percutaneous kirschner wire fixation in pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 cases of closed supracondylar humerus fractures in children were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous kirschner wire at the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Thai Nguyen National Hospital, from July 2024 to April 2025. Results: All 35 patients achieved clinical carrying angle and demonstrated good rehabilitation. No cases of radial or ulnar nerve injury were observed in our study. Conclusion: The lateral-pin technique under fluoroscopic guidance is an effective option for the treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures in children. This technique provides good functional and cosmetic outcomes while minimizing the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury.
TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF CONCURRENT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY USING IMRT IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE III AND IVA-B HYPOPHARYNGEAL AND LARYNGEAL CANCER AT HANOI ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL
Objective: To describe several clinical characteristics and evaluate the treatment response in stage III and IVA-B hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer patients treated with concurrent intensity modulated radiation therapy-based chemoradiotherapy with every three-weekly Cisplatin at Hanoi Oncology Hospital. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study on 56 patients undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy with every three-weekly Cisplatin and intensity modulated radiation therapy with a total dose of 66-70 Gy at Ha Noi Oncology Hospital from January 2021 to June 2025. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 54,8 ± 5,9 years, with a predominance of male patients. The most common reasons for hospitlization were dysphagia and cervical lymphadenopathy. Most cases were diagnosed at stage IVA-B (73.2%). The overall response rate was 96.4%, in which complete response rate was 50% and partial response was 46.4%. Lung metastasis occurred in 3.6% of patients after treatment. The disease stage had a significant association with the treatment response rate. Conclusion: Concurrent intensity modulated radiation therapy-based chemoradiotherapy with every three-weekly Cisplatin for stage III and IVA-B hypopharyngeal-laryngeal cancer at Hanoi Oncology Hospital yielded favorable outcomes with a high treatment response rate.
COMPARISON OF ANALGESIC EFFICACY BETWEEN INTRAVENOUS PATIENT-CONTROLLED NEFOPAM AND KETOROLAC IN POST-CESAREAN SECTION PATIENTS AT HANOI OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY HOSPITAL FROM 2024 TO 2025
Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy of Nefopam and Ketorolac administered via patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after cesarean section at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital during 2024-2025. Subjects and methods: A controlled clinical intervention was conducted on 60 parturients who underwent cesarean section under spinal anesthesia at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from September 2024 to June 2025. Results: The two study groups were homogeneous in clinical characteristics. The analgesic efficacy of Nefopam and Ketorolac was found to be equivalent at all evaluated time points, with mean VAS scores maintained at a mild pain level (≤ 2 points) after 24 hours. The total patient-controlled intravenous analgesia dose consumed after 48 hours showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (Nefopam group 105.16 ± 46.75 mg vs. Ketorolac group 106.83 ± 45.98 mg, p ≈ 0.52). Patient satisfaction rates were also comparable (76.7% in the Nefopam group vs. 80.0% in the Ketorolac group, p = 1.000). Conclusion: The use of Nefopam and Ketorolac alone in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia provides equivalent postoperative analgesic efficacy after cesarean section, achieves high patient satisfaction, and eliminates the need for Morphine rescue.
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS ACCORDING TO ACR (1991) CRITERIA
Objective: To describe clinical and radiographic features in patients with primary hip osteoarthritis according to ACR (1991) criteria and to analyze associations between clinical features and radiographic findings. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 45 patients (51 hip joints) diagnosed with primary hip osteoarthritis per ACR (1991) criteria at Rheumatology Center of Bach Mai Hospital (July 2024 to August 2025). Results: Most common clinical features were: hip pain during walking (98.0%); functional limitation (60.8%); morning stiffness under 30 minutes (39.2%); pain with hip movement (84.3%); reduced range of flexion, internal rotation, and hip abduction (52.9%). Hip radiographic features: acetabular osteophytes (86.2%); femoral osteophytes (74.5%); subchondral sclerosis (76.5%); joint-space narrowing (58.8%); femoral head deformity (25.5%). The prevalence of Kellgren-Lawrence grades 3-4 was 58.8%. Patients with radiographic hip joint-space narrowing had higher odds of severe pain (VAS ≥ 5) than those without narrowing (OR = 12.8). Compared with Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1-2, those with Kellgren-Lawrence grades 3-4 had much higher odds of functional limitation and decreased range of motion 84 times and 130 times, respectively. Conclusion: Conventional hip X-ray has diagnostic value in determining and classifying the stage of hip osteoarthritis.
EFFECTS OF UPPER LIMB FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY COMBINED WITH REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION AFTER ISCHEMIC STROKE IN REHABILITATION CENTER
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of upper limb rehabilitation combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with cerebral infarction. Subjects and methods: This was a prospective, controlled interventional study conducted to assess the outcomes of upper limb rehabilitation combined with in stroke patients treated at the Rehabilitation Center of Bach Mai Hospital from August 2024 to May 2025. The study included 60 patients in the acute and early subacute phases of stroke, selected using a convenient sampling method. Results: After the intervention, upper limb motor function assessed by the action research arm test improved by 9.9 ± 4.3 points, corresponding to a 17.36% (9.9/57) increase. The level of independence in activities of daily living, measured by the Barthel Index, improved by 35 points compared with the control group. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). No adverse effects were reported during the intervention. Conclusion: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a safe and effective non-invasive brain stimulation method that enhances upper limb functional recovery and improves quality of life in patients with acute and early subacute cerebral infarction.
ASSESSMENT OF PERIPHERAL RETINAL LESIONS IN THE SECOND EYE OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY RETINAL DETACHMENT: CLINICAL CASES REPORT
Objective: Primary retinal detachment is a severe ophthalmic condition and one of the major causes of vision loss if not treated promptly. Early detection and treatment of peripheral retinal dengeration in the fellow eye of patients with primary retinal detachment are of great importance and should be routinely screened. Method: We described three cases of patients who presented with retinal detachment, in whom peripheral retinal dengeration were detected in the fellow eye. Through a comprehensive examination and careful evaluation of the contralateral eye, we identified peripheral retinal degenerations with a high risk of future retinal detachment. The patients subsequently underwent timely prophylactic laser photocoagulation. Results: Timely detection and prophylactic treatment in three patients helped reduce the risk of future retinal detachment. Conclution: Optimal management of retinal detachment cases extends beyond the surgical correction of the affected eye. Comprehensive, periodic screening and examinations, coupled with appropriate prophylactic intervention for the fellow eye, are paramount in preserving long-term visual acuity and enhancing the patient's quality of life.
COMPARISON OF VENTILATION EFFICACY BETWEEN LMA GASTRO AIRWAY AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION IN ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY
Objective: To compare ventilation efficacy between laryngeal gastric mask gastro airway and endotracheal intubation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Subjects and methods: Randomized controlled trial of 60 patients randomized into two groups: group I (endotracheal intubation) and group II (laryngeal gastric mask gastro airway). Outcome primary: airway insertion time, tidal volume, air leakage, peak airway pressure (Ppeak), and SpO₂ were compared at baseline, immediately post-insertion, pre-lateral positioning, 1 minute and 5 minutes post-lateral positioning, end of surgery, pre-extubation, and 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes post-extubation. Results: Laryngeal gastric mask gastro airway insertion time was significantly faster than endotracheal intubation (25,47 ± 5,05 seconds vs 48,53 ± 7,21 seconds, p < 0.01). SpO₂, EtCO₂, and tidal volume remained within normal limits in both groups, with comparable air leak rates < 10%. Peak airway pressure was within normal range and significantly lower in the group II compared to the group I (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Laryngeal gastric mask gastro airway is a suitable and better alternative to endotracheal tube as it allows adequate ventilation efficacy in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
EVALUATION OF FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER OUTCOMES FOLLOWING NATURAL CYCLE PROTOCOL AT HANOI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of frozen embryo transfer cycles in which endometrial preparation was performed using a natural cycle protocol in women with regular menstrual cycles. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on patients undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Results: A total of 124 patients were included, comprising 63 natural cycles and 61 hormone replacement therapy cycles. The two groups were comparable in age, BMI, duration of infertility, and ovarian reserve parameters. The clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates were 55.6% and 49.2% in the natural cycle group, respectively, comparable to 54.1% and 45.9% in the hormone replacement therapy group (p > 0.05). The incidence of first-trimester bleeding was significantly lower in the natural cycle group compared with the hormone replacement therapy group (11.1% vs. 34.4%; p < 0.05). Conclusion: In women with regular menstrual cycles, frozen embryo transfer cycles prepared with a natural cycle protocol achieved similar pregnancy outcomes compared with hormone replacement therapy cycles but were associated with fewer early pregnancy complications.
RESULTS OF ABNORMAL ANTIBODY SCREENING AT VINMEC TIMES CITY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Objective: To evaluate the results of irregular antibody screening tests performed at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital from 2023 to 2025. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted from July 2023 to June 2025 at the Laboratory Department of Vinmec Times City International General Hospital. A total of 1503 specimens from 923 patients were tested for irregular antibodies using gel cards on the Ortho Vision automated analyzer. Study design: cross-sectional descriptive study. Results: Among 1503 tested specimens, the overall positive rate was 3.73%, with a higher proportion in females than in males. Patients with a history of blood transfusion showed a higher positive rate. Seven disease groups were indicated for testing; among them, gastrointestinal and hematologic diseases had the highest positive rates, while surgical and cardiovascular groups showed lower rates. The positive rate tended to increase in repeat tests during treatment, with six cases converting to positive after blood transfusion. Conclusion: Overall positive rate was 3.73%, higher in females than in males. Patients with a history of blood transfusion and those with hematologic or gastrointestinal diseases have higher positive rate. Repeat testing during treatment is necessary to detect newly formed irregular antibodies and ensure transfusion safety.
COMPARISON OF THE PAIN RELIEF EFFECT IN PAIN RELIEF IN AND AFTER HAND SURGERY IN CHILDREN OF AXILLARY LINE BRAINSYNCING WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF LEVOBUPIVACAINE
Objective: To compare the efficacy of pain reduction during and after forearm and hand surgery in children using ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block with Levobupivacaine 0.2% versus Levobupivacaine 0.25%. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted on 60 patients (aged 3-16 years) receiving axillary brachial plexus block at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Children’s Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group 0.2 which used Levobupivacaine 0,2%, and group 0.25 which used Levobupivacaine 0,25%. Both groups used a volume of 0.5 ml/kg, maximum 20 ml. Results: The two groups were comparable regarding general characteristics: mean age 7.25 ± 3.34 years; weight 26.71 ± 10.39 kg; height 120.07 ± 17.93 cm; surgical duration 61.45 ± 22.19 minutes (p > 0.05). The efficacy of intraoperative anesthesia was good in both groups (100%). The duration of sensory and motor block for group 0.2 was 255.17 ± 43.10 minutes and 214.40 ± 38.46 minutes, respectively, and for group 0.25 was 356.97 ± 46.35 minutes and 311.53 ± 43.94 minutes (p < 0.001). The duration of analgesia for group 0.2 and group 0.25 was 367.87 ± 44.25 minutes and 414.30 ± 50.01 minutes, respectively (p < 0.05). The number of times additional analgesics were administered within 24 hours post-surgery was comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). 2/60 cases reported pain at the injection site, 1/60 cases reported nausea. No excessive sedation or severe adverse effects were recorded. Conclusion: Both groups achieved good intraoperative anesthetic efficacy. Group 0.2 had an earlier recovery time for sensory and motor function (p < 0.001), and a shorter postoperative analgesia time (approximately 47 minutes less on average) compared to group 0.25 (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the number of times rescue analgesics were administered between the two groups over 24 hours after surgery (p > 0.05).
COMPARISON OF LABOR ANALGESIC EFFICACY BETWEEN CONTINUOUS EPIDURAL INFUSION AND PROGRAMMED INTERMITTENT EPIDURAL BOLUS
Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy during labor between continuous epidural infusion and programmed intermittent epidural bolus using a combination of Anaropin 0.1% and Fentanyl 1 µg/ml. Method: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 parturients receiving epidural labor analgesia at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology from August 2024 to June 2025. Forty women received continuous epidural infusion (CEI group), and forty received programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB group), both using Anaropin 0.1% combined with Fentanyl 1 µg/ml. Results: The mean onset time of analgesia did not differ significantly (CEI group 10.70 ± 1.92 min; PIEB groups 10.88 ± 2.94 min; p > 0.05). After epidural administration, VAS scores decreased in both groups, but from the 20th minute onward, PIEB group achieved significantly better analgesia (p < 0.05). During the second stage of labor and episiotomy repair, VAS scores were significantly lower in PIEB group (p < 0.05). Both groups maintained good bearing-down sensation and pushing ability (p > 0.05). The mean total dose of local anesthetic was lower in PIEB group (29.90 ± 10.11 mg) than CEI group (38.06 ± 18.09 mg; p < 0.05). No patients in PIEB group required additional bolus doses (0% vs. 17.5%; p < 0.05). The duration of analgesia after delivery was longer in PIEB group (1.84 ± 0.24 h vs. 1.69 ± 0.37 h; p < 0.05). Maternal satisfaction was higher in PIEB group (100% vs. 92.5%). Conclusion: The programmed intermittent epidural bolus technique provided more effective and longer-lasting analgesia, required a lower total anesthetic dose, and achieved higher maternal satisfaction compared with continuous epidural infusion. Both techniques preserved bearing-down sensation and pushing ability, with no adverse effects on labor progression or cesarean section rates.
STUDY ON FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT ADHERENCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Objective: Study aimed to assess the level of treatment adherence and identify associated factors among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 332 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from March to September 2025. Data were collected through structured interviews using a standardized questionnaire and medical records. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with treatment adherence, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The overall treatment adherence rate was 50.6%. Among adherence components, 90.1% adhered to medication, 97.9% regularly monitored blood glucose, 88% maintained physical activity, and 59.9% followed dietary recommendations. Statistically significant factors associated with adherence included education level ≥ high school (OR = 2.45; p = 0.013), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.83; p = 0.039), disease duration > 5 years (OR = 0.62; p = 0.047), good fasting blood glucose control (OR = 2.97; p < 0.001), and good HbA1c control (OR = 3.21; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus demonstrated relatively good adherence, particularly regarding medication use and blood glucose monitoring. Higher education level, shorter disease duration, and good glycemic control were strong predictors of better adherence. Strengthening health education, personalized counseling, and long-term management programs is essential to improve treatment outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
COMPARISON OF LABOR ANALGESIC EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMMED INTERMITTENT EPIDURAL BOLUS USING ROPIVACAINE AT DIFFERENT VOLUMES COMBINED WITH FENTANYL
Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of labor analgesia using programmed intermittent epidural bolus with Ropivacaine 0.1% combined with Fentanyl 2 µg/ml at 3 different volumes of Ropivacaine bolus (6 ml, 8 ml, and 10 ml/60 minutes). Method: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from March 2025 to September 2025 at the Delivery Department, Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, including 90 nulliparous women with term pregnancy, cephalic presentation, ASA physical status I-II. Participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups (30 pregnant women/group) to receive bolus doses of 6 ml, 8 ml, or 10 ml via a Terumo syringe pump. Analgesic effectiveness was assessed by VAS scores, number of rescue doses, maternal satisfaction, uterine contractions, labor progression, and motor block Bromage score. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: VAS scores decreased rapidly in all groups, reached its lowest level at 1 hour 10 minutes post-anesthesia (1.3-1.4 points). At 1 hour 40 minutes post-anesthesia, the 10 ml group showed the best analgesic effect (VAS 2.2 ± 0.4; p = 0.00). No rescue doses were required in the 10 ml group, while the 6 ml group had the highest mean number of rescue doses (0.30 ± 0.70; p = 0.03). Motor function was preserved in 96.7% of women (Bromage 0). Uterine contractions and labor progression remained physiological, with no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). The highest rate of very satisfied women was observed in the 10 ml group (33.3%), compared to 23.3% in the 8 ml group and 3.3% in the 6 ml group (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Programmed intermittent epidural bolus with Ropivacaine 0.1% combined with Fentanyl 2 µg/ml is safe and effective for labor analgesia. A bolus volume of 10 ml/60 minutes demonstrated superior analgesic efficacy, stability, and maternal satisfaction compared to 8 ml and 6 ml.
ROLE OF HYPEROXIA IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 AND OTHER PNEUMONIAS
Objectives: Synthesize contemporary evidence on the benefits and harms of hyperoxia-supraphysiologic arterial oxygen caused by high inspired oxygen-in adults with COVID‑19 and other pneumonias, and translate findings into pragmatic oxygen targets. Methods: We consulted WHO and NIH living guidelines, professional society guidance, randomized trials of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (including COVID‑19), and mechanistic reviews through October 17, 2025. Outcomes included mortality, organ dysfunction, ventilator‑ and oxygen‑free days, and oxygen‑related adverse events. Results: Guidance converges on titrated oxygen that avoids both hypoxemia and sustained hyperoxia, typically targeting SpO2 92-96% for most adults and 88-92% for those at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure. Large ICU trials (HOT‑ICU) and a COVID‑19-specific trial (HOT‑COVID) show no survival advantage with higher PaO2 targets (~90 mmHg) compared with lower targets (~60-70 mmHg). Mechanistic and clinical data link hyperoxia to oxidative lung injury, absorption atelectasis, impaired microcirculation, and CO2 retention in predisposed patients. Conclusions: In COVID‑19 and other pneumonias, liberal oxygen strategies aiming for supranormal saturations confer no mortality benefit and may cause harm. Practice should prioritize goal‑directed, conservative oxygenation-aim for SpO2 92-96% (or 88-92% in CO2 retainers), reassess frequently, and wean FiO2 early with appropriate PEEP.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SARRCOPENIA AND COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC CHARACTERISTICS IN OLDER ADULTS
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults according to AWGS (2019) and its association with comprehensive geriatric characteristics. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study of 323 patients aged ³ 60 years old at the National Geriatric Hospital from September 2023 to August 2024. Participants were assessed for geriatric conditions including nutritional status (MNA-SF), functional status (instrumental activities of daily living - IADL, and basic activities of daily living - ADL), physical activity level (IPAQ-SF), fall history, fall risk (21-item fall risk index), frailty (clinical frailty scale), depression, and comorbidity burden (Charlson comorbidity index). Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia based on the AWGS (2019) criteria in older adults was 37.8%. Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition, ADL dependency, IADL dependency, low IPAQ-SF, high fall risk, frailty, depression, and high Charlson comorbidity scores were all associated with sarcopenia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age 70-79 years, living alone, overweight obese, and ADL dependency were independent factors associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion: Sarcopenia is closely related to multiple comprehensive geriatric characteristics, particularly nutritional status, daily functional capacity, physical activity, fall risk, frailty, depression, and comorbidities. Routine geriatric assessment should integrate sarcopenia screening to enable early detection and timely intervention.
OUTCOMES OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION USING DONOR SPERM AT HANOI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of in vitro fertilization using donor sperm at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Subjects and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 142 ovarian stimulation cycles using donor sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection from January 2022 to December 2023, including 81 cycles from azoospermic couples and 61 cycles from single women. Semen parameters before freezing and after thawing-processing, fertilization rates, and embryo development outcomes were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Post-thawing analysis showed a significant decrease in sperm concentration and progressive motility (p < 0.001). The mean fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation, and good-quality blastocyst rates were 89.8%, 96.0%, 60.0%, and 23.8%, respectively. No significant differences were observed among subgroups classified by post-thaw progressive motility (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility and density, fertilization and embryo development outcomes remained comparable to those obtained with fresh sperm. These findings confirm the safety and effectiveness of donor sperm use in assisted reproductive technologies in Vietnam.
COMPARISON OF EMERGENCE QUALITY BETWEEN DESFLURANE AND SEVOFLURANE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Objective: To compare the recovery quality between Desflurane and Sevoflurane in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Subjects and methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 children aged 6-12 years, divided into two groups: Desflurane (n = 30) and Sevoflurane (n = 30). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, time to spontaneous breathing, eye opening, extubation, and MAC dynamics (mean MAC during maintenance; time to reach MAC 0.5 and 0.2) were recorded. Data were analyzed with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Mean arterial pressure remained stable without significant differences; heart rate was slightly higher in the Desflurane group but within physiological limits (p < 0.05). The mean maintenance MAC was similar (0.78 ± 0.07 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10; p = 0.460), but the times to reach MAC 0.5 and 0.2 were significantly shorter in the Desflurane group (p < 0.001). Recovery times were faster with Desflurane than with Sevoflurane: spontaneous breathing 9.53 ± 1.17 minutes vs. 16.17 ± 1.74 minutes; eye opening 14.97 ± 1.47 minutes vs. 24.87 ± 1.36 minutes; extubation 22.07 ± 1.31 minutes vs. 31.83 ± 1.46 minutes (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Desflurane provides faster recovery than Sevoflurane, maintains stable hemodynamics, and demonstrates favorable MAC kinetics (faster decline to MAC 0.5 and 0.2).
FACTORS INFLUENCING MID-TERM OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC INFRAPOPLITEAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE TREATED BY BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY AT THE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HO CHI MINH CITY
Objective: To identify factors associated with mid-term outcomes (mortality and limb amputation) in patients with infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease treated by endovascular intervention at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh city. Methods: This was a prospective cohort observational study including 127 patients with infrapopliteal arterial stenosis or occlusion who underwent balloon angioplasty at the University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh city from January 2022 to July 2024. Results: During mid-term follow-up, underweight patients had a 3.34-fold higher risk of limb amputation compared with those with normal BMI (95% CI: 1.11-11.0; p = 0.031). Patients who died had significantly lower mean eGFR values than survivors (38.5 ± 23.4 ml/min/1,73m² vs. 69.6 ± 27.4 ml/min/1,73m²; p = 0.022). Other factors, including age, sex, and overweight/obesity, were not significant in the multivariate model. Conclusion: Poor nutritional status and impaired renal function were independent prognostic factors associated with unfavorable mid-term outcomes after endovascular intervention in patients with infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease. Nutritional screening and renal function preservation should be emphasized in clinical practice to improve outcomes.
IMPROVING NURSING COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS IN PATIENT CARE USING THE AIDET PROCEDURE AT HONG AN CANCER HOSPITAL, PHASE 2025-2027
Problem Statement: The AIDET process is based on five fundamental principles: Building rapport – Introduction – Time Information – Explanation – Thanking, to further improve communication effectiveness between healthcare staff and patients. This communication process is simple, easy to apply, and can be established as a daily communication standard suitable for the healthcare environment, providing healthcare staff with a model for communicating with patients with all the necessary information. The project is developed with two objectives: 1) To describe the current state of nursing communication and some influencing factors at Nghe An Oncology Hospital in 2025. 2) To propose solutions to improve the effectiveness of nursing communication according to the AIDET process at Nghe An Oncology Hospital in the period 2025-2027. Method: The data collection process was conducted from April to July 2025. The study involved observing the communication skills of 150 nurses with patients (one interaction per nurse), conducting in-depth interviews with one hospital leader, one head of the nursing department, and organizing a focus group discussion with 12 nurses directly involved in patient care from the surveyed clinical departments. Results: The results showed that the compliance rate of nurses with the AIDET procedure was 43.3%. The lowest compliance rates were observed in the step of nurses saying thank you after completing patient care (29.3%) and nurses greeting patients politely by their first name upon contact and before care (66%). The lowest nonverbal communication skill compliance rates were for "Smiling facial expressions, creating a friendly atmosphere" (74.0%) and "Appropriate tone and speaking speed" (78.7%). Some shortcomings in the implementation of the AIDET communication process include: the lack of a steering committee for implementing the AIDET process and developing an implementation plan; young nurses lacking experience in handling situations; training sessions lacking simulations of real-life situations for application; insufficient monitoring and evaluation of communication skills; hospital overcrowding; and a lack of policies and regulations on communication behaviors. Conclusion: The project proposes several solutions and recommends that hospitals implement the AIDET communication process in the daily communication of healthcare staff with patients as a mandatory measure to improve communication and interpersonal skills in all circumstances. Simultaneously, it recommends establishing a steering committee for implementing the AIDET process and developing an implementation plan; organizing training and workshops on communication skills for nurses according to the AIDET process, and organizing regular monitoring and evaluation of implementation.
PREVALENCE OF HIGH-RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING VINMEC TIMES CITY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL
Objective: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of high-risk HPV infection among women attending Vinmec Times City International General Hospital. Research methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 381 women who underwent concurrent high-risk HPV DNA testing and cervical cytology screening at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital from August 2024 to March 2025. Results: The mean age of participants was 44.6 ± 12.5 years. The mean age at menarche and menopause were 11.7 ± 0.7 years and 49.9 ± 0.8 years, respectively. Nearly half of the participants (49.1%) had a history of gynecological disease treatment. The overall HPV prevalence was 13.6%. Among HPV-positive cases, HPV type 16 accounted for 7.7%, type 18 for 11.5%, other 12 high-risk types for 65.4%, and multiple infections for 15.4%. Women with cervical lesions were 2.1 times more likely to have high-risk HPV infection than those without lesions (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-4.0; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among women attending Vinmec Times City International General Hospital was 13.6%, with types 18, 16, and other high-risk genotypes predominating. HPV infection was significantly associated with cervical lesions, emphasizing the critical role of HPV in cervical pathology and the importance of routine screening and HPV vaccination for effective cervical cancer prevention.
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS: ASSOCIATED FACTORS AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AT HANOI OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY HOSPITAL IN 2024
Objective: To comments factors associated with the degree of oligohydramnios and pregnancy outcomes among affected women. Subjects and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 142 pregnant women diagnosed with oligohydramnios at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Results: Mild oligohydramnios accounted for the highest proportion (44.37%). Factors significantly associated with the degree of oligohydramnios included maternal age (p = 0.049), gestational age (p = 0.000), and fetal risk factors (p = 0.000). Severe oligohydramnios was more common in women aged 25-29 years (40.74%), with gestational age < 28 weeks (59.3%), and in fetuses with combined abnormalities (55.56%). The most frequent structural abnormalities were gastrointestinal (17.61%) and cardiovascular (15.49%) malformations. In the group with anhydramnios, the rates of pregnancy termination and intrauterine fetal death were significantly higher (14.81%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.010). Conclusion: Mild oligohydramnios accounted for the highest proportion. Maternal age, gestational age, and certain maternal and fetal conditions that increase pregnancy risk were significantly associated with the severity of oligohydramnios. The most common fetal structural abnormalities were observed in the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. The more severe the oligohydramnios, the higher the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
INVESTIGATION OF AN ORAL GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS MOUSE MODEL
Objective: This study investigated biochemical parameters in osteoporosis mouse model induced by prolonged glucocorticoid administration. Materials and methods: Mice were orally administered prednisone at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day continuously for 6 and 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters, including bone weight, ash weight, bone phosphorus and calcium content were evaluated. The model’s responsiveness (optimal dose/duration) to the anti-osteoporosis drug alendronate (5 mg/kg) was also assessed at 4 weeks post-prednisone treatment. Results: Prednisone administration significantly reduced bone weight, ash weight, bone phosphorus and calcium content, with the most pronounced effects observed at the 20 mg/kg dose over 8 weeks. Alendronate treatment at dose 5mg/kg effectively increased these parameters, restoring bone health indicators. Conclusion: The mouse model of prednisone-induced osteoporosis (20 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) is suitable for evaluating the anti-osteoporosis efficacy of drugs and formulations in preclinical research.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE, ACUPRESSURE AND MASSAGE COMBINED WITH SHOCKWAVE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY CAUSED BY SPINAL DEGENERATION
Objectives: Evaluation of the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture, acupressure and massage combined with shockwave therapy in the management of cervical radiculopathy caused by spinal degeneration. Subjects and methods: 60 patients aged 40 and over who were diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy due to spinal degeneration at the National Hospital of Acupuncture. This was a clinical intervention, comparing before and after treatment, with a control group. Patients diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy due to spinal degeneration were divided into two groups, both groups were treated with electroacupuncture, acupressure massage according to the Ministry of Health’s protocol for 20 consecutive days, The patients in research group was additionally treated with shock waves 2 times per week, 6 times in 20 days. Results: After 20 days of treatment, the average VAS score of the research group decreased from 5.30 ± 0.65 points to 1.30 ± 0.79 points and decreased more than the control group (from 5.13 ± 0.86 points to 1.87 ± 0.63 points) with p < 0.05; the neck disability index score of the study group decreased from 19.63 ± 9.58 points to 5.93 ± 3.97 points, which was a greater reduction compared with the control group from 20.33 ± 7.53 points to 13.50 ± 6.02 points, with p < 0.05. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture, acupressure and massage combined with shock waves are effective in pain relief in the patients with cervical radiculopathy caused by spinal degeneration.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE AT THE NATIONAL LUNG HOSPITAL IN 2024
Objectives: To investigate the quality of life of patients with interstitial lung disease at the National Lung Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 124 patients diagnosed with interstitial lung disease and treated at the National Lung Hospital from September to December 2024. The assessment tools included the EQ-5D-5L quality of life questionnaire and the VAS. Results: The age group from 61 to 70 years had the highest proportion (40.3%), while the 30 to 40 years group had the lowest (6.5%). The mean age of the patients was 61.1 years. Female patients were predominant, accounting for 66.1%. Regarding the aspects of quality of life assessed by the EQ-5D-5L: 55.6% of patients were affected in their mobility, 41.1% needed assistance with self-care, 53.2% were affected in their usual activities, 52.4% felt pain/discomfort, and 49.2% experienced anxiety/depression. The patients’ quality of life was reduced, with a mean score of 0.8065. The quality of life scores for the different aspects were directly proportional to the SpO2 index and inversely proportional to the mMRC score. Conclusion: The quality of life of patients with interstitial lung disease at the National Lung Hospital is reduced, particularly in the physical and mental aspects. This reduction is closely related to respiratory function indicators such as SpO2 and mMRC. The study’s results suggest that early detection and intervention can improve the patients’ quality of life.
ANXIETY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AT BACH MAI HOSPITAL
Objective: To assess the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and anxiety among male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to evaluate the relationship between these two disorders. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 78 male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with erectile dysfunction at Bach Mai Hospital from August 2024 to August 2025. Erectile dysfunction was evaluated using the IIEF-5 and anxiety using the GAD-7. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.26 ± 9.05 years. The rates of mild, mild-moderate, moderate, and severe erectile dysfunction were 41%, 32.1%, 16.7%, and 10.3%, respectively. Anxiety was present in 78.21% of cases (41% mild, 35.9% moderate, and 14.1% severe). A significant negative correlation was observed between IIEF-5 and GAD-7 scores (r = -0.645, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both erectile dysfunction and anxiety are common in male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and they are closely associated. Early screening and intervention are essential to improve quality of life.
3D ENDOSCOPIC MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH BIOPROSTHESIS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AT CARDIOVASCULAR CENTER, E HOSPITAL
Objective: To summarize the initial experiences and evaluate the early results of applying 3D endoscopic surgery for biological mitral valve replacement in the elderly. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted by cross-sectional method, retrospective data including all patients ≥ 60 years old, who underwent 3D endoscopic surgery for biological mitral valve replacement at the Cardiovascular Center of Hospital E between January 2021 and December 2023. Results: The study included 67 patients, with an average age of 65.6 ± 4.8 years, male/female ratio is 2/1. Before surgery: 74.6% NYHA 3-4 heart failure; 49.3% arrhythmia; 10.5% EF below 50%. Extracorporeal circulation time 155.3 ± 30.7 minutes; aortic clamping time 114.8 ± 26.6 minutes. 29.9% of patients underwent left atrial appendage suturing; 1.5% tricuspid valve repair. After surgery, prolonged mechanical ventilation time (over 2 days) 20.9%; intensive care unit stay 2.9 ± 1.7 days; hospital stay 13.3 ± 5.1 days. Complications included: ventricular rupture (3.0%), in-hospital death (3.0%), reoperation due to bleeding (4.5%), renal failure (3.0%), and cerebral infarction (1.5%). Conclusions: 3D endoscopic surgery for bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement has been routinely performed at E Hospital with positive results and needs further research on a larger number of patients over a longer period of time.
CURRENT STATUS OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS’ COMPLIANCE WITH THE SURGICAL SAFETY CHECKLIST AT SAIGON GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2025
Objective: This study aimed to describe the current compliance status of healthcare workers with the surgical safety checklist at Saigon General Hospital in 2025. Subject and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through direct observation of health care worker compliance with the surgical safety checklist, including scrub nurses, anesthesiologists and anesthesia nurses, and surgeons. A total of 137 surgical procedures were observed from April to July 2025. Results: The overall compliance rate was 70.8%. Compliance rates by phase were 78.1% before anesthesia induction, 77.4% before skin incision, and 83.2% before the patient left the operating room. Among the professional groups, scrub nurses demonstrated the highest compliance (78.1%), followed by surgeons (71.5%) and anesthesiologists, anesthesia nurses (70.8%). Conclusion: The rate of compliance with the surgical safety checklist at the hospital is not high, therefore, the hospital needs to develop a clear penalty mechanism, increase the frequency of assessment and supervision to raise the compliance awareness of staff as well as measures to improve equipment to increase the rate of compliance with the surgical safety checklist.
PRENATAL ANXIETY DISORDER AND SOME RELATED FACTORS OF PREGNANT WOMEN VISITING HOSPITAL E - HANOI