Thanh Dong university journal of science and technology
Tạp chí của Trường Đại học Thành Đông
STUDY ON CORROSION EFFECTS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND ANTI-CORROSION SOLUTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AT THANH DONG UNIVERSITY
In reinforced concrete (RC) structures, steel reinforcement is protected by the surrounding concrete cover, which forms a passive film that prevents oxidation. However, under prolonged exposure to aggressive environments such as chloride ions, CO₂, high humidity, sulfates, and temperature fluctuations, this protective layer may deteriorate, leading to reinforcement corrosion. At Thanh Dong University, many new construction projects have been implemented and are affected by the typical climate of Hai Phong a tropical monsoon region with hot, humid summers and heavy rainfall, and cold, dry winters. The average annual temperature ranges from 23°C to 30°C, and the high humidity (78–87%), together with moisture from the Bac Hung Hai River, increases the risk of corrosion in RC structures. Therefore, studying the effects of corrosion and proposing appropriate solutions is necessary. The use of mineral admixtures to enhance impermeability, improve resistance to aggressive agents, limit cracking, and increase durability is considered an effective solution, contributing to extending the service life of structures and reducing maintenance and repair costs.
PROCESSING MONITORING NETWORK DATA OF STRUCTURAL SETTLEMENT BASED ON MEASUREMENT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO OBSERVATION CYCLES
Structural settlement monitoring is a high-precision geodetic task aimed at determining changes in the elevations of monitoring points during the period when a structure is affected by loads, geological conditions, and environmental factors. To ensure the reliability and objectivity of the results, the monitoring process must be implemented in a coordinated manner, from network design and field measurements to data processing, requiring practitioners to possess solid geodetic expertise and a thorough understanding of structural characteristics. Deformation monitoring networks are repetitive measurement networks in which the configuration and positions of observation points are maintained consistently across monitoring cycles to ensure comparability of results. Based on this principle, the adjustment of measurement differences between two consecutive monitoring cycles is applied to determine settlement values. This method reduces computational workload, limits errors associated with separate cycle processing, and improves accuracy. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method is feasible and effective for practical structural settlement monitoring.
THE PREVALENCE OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS AMONG STUDENTS AT LE HONG PHONG SECONDARY SCHOOL, HAI PHONG IN 2020
ABSTRACT The study titled “The Current Status of Refractive Errors among Students at Le Hong Phong Secondary School, Hai Phong City in 2020” aimed to assess the prevalence of refractive errors (RE) and related characteristics among lower secondary school students. A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted on 354 randomly selected students during the 2020 academic year. Data were collected through visual acuity tests, refraction measurements, and evaluation of factors associated with visual impairment. The findings indicated that the overall prevalence of refractive errors was 9.74%, with myopia being the most common condition. It was particularly prevalent among grade 7 and grade 9 students. In terms of severity, moderate myopia accounted for the highest proportion, followed by mild and severe cases. The prevalence of refractive errors was higher among male students compared to female students. Moderate visual impairment was more common in lower grades, while severe visual impairment was more frequently observed in higher grades. Additionally, a notable proportion of students, especially in grade 6, were using incorrectly prescribed glasses. The study highlights that refractive errors remain a significant school health issue. Therefore, strengthening early detection, regular vision screening, and eye-care education is essential to control the progression of refractive errors and prevent long-term complications among students.
SOME FACTORS RELATED TO HYPERTENSION AMONG INDIVIDUALS AGED 40 YEARS AND OLDER IN VINH AN COMMUNE, VINH BAO DISTRICT, HAI PHONG CITY
The study, entitled “Factors Related to Hypertension among Individuals Aged 40 and Older in Vinh An Commune, Vinh Bao District, Hai Phong City,” was conducted to identify key determinants of hypertension (HTN) in this demographic. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, involving 850 residents aged 40 and older, selected through systematic random sampling in 2021. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, standardized blood pressure measurements, and anthropometric assessments. The results indicated that the prevalence of HTN tended to increase with age, reaching its peak in the group aged 60 and older, ranging from 33.9% to 40.4%. Although the risk of HTN was 1.28 times higher in males than in females, multivariate analysis revealed no statistically significant correlation between HTN and gender or alcohol consumption. Notably, HTN was significantly associated with obesity (OR = 3.41), elevated Body Mass Index (OR = 2.06), high salt intake (OR = 2.99), low physical activity levels (OR = 2.14), and smoking habits (OR = 1.50). These findings highlight that hypertension remains a critical public health concern in the locality. The study emphasizes the urgent need for early intervention strategies, focusing on lifestyle behavioral modifications and the strengthening of community-based hypertension prevention and management programs to mitigate long-term complications.
ENHANCING STUDENTS' SELF-LEARNING CAPACITY IN ONLINE EDUCATION AND THE USE OF DIGITAL LEARNING MATERIALS
Nowadays, the demand for learning among university students is increasingly high. Online training activities and the use of digital learning systems enable learners to study anywhere and anytime. To enhance the quality of learning in online training conditions, universities must focus on equipping students with self-learning competencies. However, currently self-learning abilities among university students remain limited. Students often lack motivation, effective learning methods, and self-directed learning skills. Additionally, the shortage of learning resources and the limited guidance provided by lecturers contribute to unsatisfactory learning outcomes. Based on this context, the study identifies three key factors that influence students' self-learning competencies: students' awareness, the support provided by lecturers and academic staff, and the availability of learning materials. The article also proposes solutions to improve students' self-learning competencies in the future. This method preserves the original content while clearly showing the changes for comparison.
THE THREE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF MATERIALIST DIALECTICS IN MATHEMATICAL COGNITION
The three fundamental laws of materialist dialectics in Marxist–Leninist philosophy constitute the basic methodological principles of Marxist–Leninist philosophy and are applied to explain the development of objects and phenomena. These three laws together form the principle of development. They hold particularly important significance in the dialectical materialism of Marxist–Leninist philosophy, serving as one of the foundational elements of materialist dialectics as well as a key component of the overall Marxist–Leninist philosophical system. These laws can also be fully recognized in mathematical research with important methodological implications. Specifically, they include the law of the transformation of quantitative changes into qualitative changes and vice versa; the law of the unity and struggle of opposites; and the law of the negation of the negation. These laws reveal the general tendency and regularity of development in the process of understanding the objective world in general and mathematics in particular.
ON THE METHODOLOGICAL ROLE OF MATERIALIST DIALECTICS IN MATHEMATICAL COGNITION THROUGH THE PRINCIPLE OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE PRINCIPLE OF UNIVERSAL INTERCONNECTION
The principle of universal interconnection is a theoretical principle that considers objects and phenomena in objective reality as existing in mutual relationships and interactions. This principle requires a comprehensive perspective in the study of mathematics. When solving a geometry problem, a point or a line should be considered in relation to other points and lines, as well as in connection with the entire geometric figure. Similarly, when examining a mathematical problem, various methods from algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and other mathematical fields may be applied. The principle of development shows that the evolution of a mathematical theory, as well as mathematics as a whole, is an objective process that does not depend on any individual’s will. It is a process that resolves contradictions arising within mathematics itself and addresses the practical needs of reality. The principle of development is manifested through the three fundamental laws of dialectical materialist philosophy.
REPOSITIONING THE PROVINCIAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX (PCI) AND THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PERFORMANCE INDEX (PAPI) TO ENHANCE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY IN VIETNAM’S TWO-TIER LOCAL GOVERNMENT MODEL
This paper analyzes the role of the PCI and PAPI indices in the context of Vietnam's transition to a two-tier local government model. Based on PCI and PAPI data from the 2019–2024 period, the study identifies a gap between local governance measurement systems and policy implementation capacity, stemming from institutional, organizational, and analytical capacity barriers. Accordingly, the paper proposes a framework for transforming indicators into implementation capacity to integrate PCI and PAPI data into the decision-making cycle. The findings affirm that repositioning PCI and PAPI represents a crucial institutional shift to promote data-driven governance and enhance the policy implementation capacity of local governments in the two-tier model.
THE TEACHING OF LAW AND ECONOMICS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN VIETNAM
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of teaching Law and Economics in educational institutions in Vietnam. Based on an overview of the formation and development of Law and Economics worldwide, the paper clarifies the concept, research objects, and major research methods of this interdisciplinary field. Law and Economics is considered a combination of economic theory and legal science aimed at analyzing legal rules from a cost–benefit perspective, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of law in the allocation and use of social resources. Through an analysis of the current situation in Vietnam, the article shows that the demand for applying Law and Economics in the processes of law-making, law enforcement, and law application is increasingly growing, while the teaching of this subject in law training institutions remains limited and has not received adequate attention. On that basis, the study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating Law and Economics into legal education programs in order to introduce an economic perspective into legal research and practice, thereby improving the quality of legal training and meeting the requirements of social development.
AFRICAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS AFTER COVID-19
In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, Africa’s economic development prospects are facing both challenges and opportunities. The pandemic has caused a severe economic recession, disrupted supply chains, increased unemployment and public debt. However, Africa is also witnessing strong recovery momentum, especially thanks to flexible macroeconomic policies, increased investment in digital infrastructure, renewable energy and processing industry. In addition, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is expected to boost growth, facilitate intra-regional trade and attract foreign investment. Recovery also depends on the ability to control the pandemic, develop human resources and improve economic governance. The following article will analyze the impact of the pandemic on the regional economy and propose solutions to promote sustainable growth.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL HALAL TOURISM INDUSTRY AND SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM
The article analyzes the development trend of Halal tourism in the context of globalization and the increasing demand from the Muslim community - a population group with a large size and fast growth rate. Based on the application of qualitative research methods such as secondary document analysis, synthesis, comparison and deductive reasoning, the article focuses on clarifying: the driving force for the development of the global Halal tourism industry; the ability to recover after the Covid-19 pandemic; demographic characteristics and travel behavior of Muslim tourists; the formation of Halal tourism centers by geographical area; and current trends and prospects for the development of the Halal tourism industry. Research results show that this industry is increasingly asserting its role as a potential sub-sector in the global Halal economic ecosystem, with stable growth and strong resilience after the COVID-19 pandemic. On that basis, this article proposes some policy implications for Vietnam to effectively exploit the Halal tourism market, including perfecting the institutional framework and policies for Halal tourism development at the national level within the overall strategy for developing a green economy, humane economy and digital economy; focusing on raising social awareness, promoting, advertising and building a national image friendly to Halal tourism; investing in infrastructure and human resources to serve Halal tourism in a systematic and professional manner.
RESEARCH ON THE POSITION AND OBJECTIVES OF VIETNAMESE ENTERPRISES IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS
This article relies on secondary data from the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI), the World Bank, and notably, survey datasets from the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI) to analyze the position and objectives of Vietnamese enterprises participating in global value chains (GVC). The analysis reveals that while the number of Vietnamese firms joining GVC is on the rise, the majority remain at the lower end of the value chain - primarily engaged in assembly and processing while heavily dependent on imported raw materials and technology. Notably, over 53% of enterprises have yet to define clear objectives for GVC participation, reflecting significant limitations in strategic orientation and long-term competitiveness. So, the study proposes five groups of solutions to enhance the standing of Vietnamese firms in GVC: First, raising awareness and refining GVC participation strategies. Second, supporting enterprises in upgrading their positions within the chain. Third, expanding international markets and partnerships. Fourth, strengthening import-export capabilities. Fifth, developing brand identity and competitive advantages.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
In Vietnam, contemporary economic development is increasingly confronted with significant pressures arising from natural resource depletion, growing volumes of waste generation, and escalating environmental pollution. The country produces approximately 27 million tons of solid waste annually, while recycling rates remain low, thereby posing latent risks to public health and environmental sustainability. Acknowledging the strategic importance of the circular economy, the Vietnamese Government has demonstrated strong political commitment by actively participating in international initiatives, including the Paris Agreement, and by pledging to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 at COP26. In parallel, the promulgation of the Law on Environmental Protection (2020) has established a fundamental legal framework for the promotion of the circular economy. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of the circular economy in Vietnam continues to encounter substantial challenges, including conceptual ambiguities, the absence of a coherent and standardized system of performance assessment criteria, and a shortage of sufficiently mature and scalable practical models. This article examines the development trajectory of the circular economy in Vietnam, identifies the opportunities and challenges emerging in the context of digital transformation, and proposes policy-oriented solutions aimed at fostering the circular economy as a pivotal pillar of Vietnam’s sustainable economic development.
HYBRID EXTENDED KALMAM FILTER FOR TARGET TRACKING UNDER PARTIAL MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS
This paper presents a flexible Hybrid Extended Kalman Filter (HEKF) framework for solving the target tracking problem under realistic conditions, where measurements are obtained in polar coordinates. The proposed framework consists of a primary HEKF and an independent state predictor module. The HEKF works within two measurement modes: Full Measurement (FM) and Angle-Only (AO). An adaptive strategy is integrated into the framework, incorporating a synchronized mode-switching mechanism, a state prediction and fusion process, and a degradation-handling mechanism to maintain tracking reliability when measurement quality deteriorates. The estimation confidence of target coordinates is evaluated through the state covariance, providing effective support for operator decision-making. Simulation results based on a near-realistic scenario demonstrate that the proposed HEKF framework can maintain high-accuracy target position estimation during tracking phases and exhibits robustness and fast recovery when the system returns to the FM mode.
DESIGN, INTEGRATED FABRICATION, AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR A 500W FIBER LASER METAL WELDING SYSTEM
This paper presents the results of the research, design, and integrated fabrication of a prototype fiber laser metal welding system developed within a laboratory setting in Vietnam. The system comprises a fiber laser source with an output power exceeding 500 W, a center wavelength of 1070 nm, capable of operating in either continuous wave or modulated pulse mode at a frequency of 5 kHz. This source is coupled with a handheld laser welding head and an integrated laser wire feeder system for a 1 mm diameter filler wire. All components are synchronously controlled and their operating parameters configured via a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) with a touchscreen display. This configuration facilitates laser welding processes in either spot welding or seam/scan welding modes, achieving a weld bead width up to 2 mm. Furthermore, the report details experimental results aimed at optimizing the fiber laser welding technique. The studies focus on testing the parameters of the laser source, the welding head, weld bead geometry, and various joint configurations across a range of materials, specifically carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloys, with thicknesses varying from 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The optimized laser welding parameters derived from this research have subsequently been applied in the deployment of the laser welding equipment for industrial applications in the fields of mechanical processing and machine manufacturing.
RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENT ON A LASER MICRO - PERFORATION METHOD FOR POLYETHYLENE (PE) FILMS USED IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT PRESERVATION
This paper presents the results of research and experimentation on a CO2 laser-based micro-perforation method for Polyethylene (PE) films. This technique is intended for application in Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) technology to extend the shelf life of fresh produce and foodstuffs. The system utilizes an RF-CO2 laser source with a power of approximately 30 W and a wavelength of 10.6 µm. This source is coupled with a 20 mm diameter galvo beam scanner and an F-theta focusing lens with a focal length of 150 mm, enabling the creation of micro-holes with diameters around 100 µm over a processing area of 110×110 mm. By integrating a rotary axis and a motor-driven roller system controlled by stepper motors, the system achieves continuous, automated perforation on PE film rolls ranging in thickness from 30 to 80 µm. Experimental results demonstrate that the diameter of the micro-holes produced on the PE film ranges from 80 to 150 µm, which is dependent on the set parameters and film thickness. The paper also provides some preliminary results regarding the practical storage preservation of strawberries and peeled durian using this micro-perforated PE film.
DEVELOPING THE FACULTY HUMAN RESOURCES OF THANH DONG UNIVERSITY TO THE DEMANDS OF THE PRESENT PERIOD
The rapid development of the knowledge-based economy, international integration, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the demand for reform in higher education have posed numerous challenges for higher education institutions in Vietnam. With the strategic aim of becoming a reputable university ranked highly both nationally and regionally, Thanh Dong University is facing an urgent requirement to develop its faculty human resources, ensuring sufficient quantity, strong quality, and adaptability to the country’s development needs. This study analyzes the current status of the faculty human resources at Thanh Dong University, including aspects such as quantity, organizational structure, and competencies. Based on this analysis, the study proposes several solutions to develop the faculty workforce to meet training requirements in the current period.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF EMPLOYEES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED PRIVATE ENTERPRISES
In the context of increasingly intense competition, maintaining and developing a high-quality workforce has become a strategic priority for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to identify the factors influencing employees’ organizational commitment within SMEs. Based on data collected from 235 employees working in SMEs and quantitative analyses conducted using SPSS 26, the findings reveal four significant determinants of organizational commitment: (1) Compensation, rewards, and benefits; (2) Organizational culture; (3) Leadership and coworker relationships; and (4) Job flexibility. From these results, the study proposes several managerial implications to enhance employees’ commitment and support SMEs in developing sustainable human resource management strategies.
Ý NGHĨA LIÊN NHÂN TRONG CÁC BẢN TIN KINH TẾ TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT – MỘT NGHIÊN CỨU SO SÁNH
Bài viết tìm hiểu cách hiện thực hóa ý nghĩa liên nhân trong các bản tin kinh tế tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt qua hệ thống thức và hệ thống tình thái, dựa trên khung lý thuyết của Halliday. Nghiên cứu sử dụng 80 bản tin kinh tế (40 mỗi ngôn ngữ) từ Reuters và Thời báo Kinh tế Việt Nam trong hai năm gần đây. Bằng phương pháp phân tích định tính và định lượng, nghiên cứu xem xét vai trò của hệ thống thức và tình thái trong việc biểu đạt ý nghĩa liên nhân. Kết quả cho thấy thức trần thuật chiếm ưu thế, đảm nhiệm chức năng cung cấp thông tin. Các phương tiện tình thái xuất hiện ít, và nhà báo chủ yếu dùng tình thái mức thấp và trung bình để diễn đạt khả năng, qua đó tạo sự dễ chấp nhận và gắn kết với người đọc. Tình thái nghĩa vụ mức trung bình và cao được sử dụng để thể hiện tính thẩm quyền. Việc nghiên cứu ý nghĩa liên nhân trong bản tin kinh tế từ góc độ ngôn ngữ học chức năng là khả thi và hữu ích, đồng thời mang lại gợi ý cho việc viết và giảng dạy bản tin kinh tế tiếng Anh.
PHÁT TRIỂN KỸ NĂNG GIAO TIẾP TRỰC TIẾP CỦA SINH VIÊN TRONG BỐI CẢNH CHUYỂN ĐỔI SỐ: TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA CÔNG NGHỆ VÀ ĐỊNH HƯỚNG GIẢNG DẠY
Developing communication skills not only enables students to convey ideas clearly and accurately but also enhances logical thinking and interpersonal effectiveness. In the digital era, while students may perform well in written assessments with the aid of smartphones and the internet, many struggle with direct, face-to-face communication. This article examines the impact of digital technology on university students’ communication skills in the context of soft skills education. The study aims to propose pedagogical solutions to improve the effectiveness of teaching, foster students' ability to communicate confidently and coherently, and thereby contribute to developing a high-quality workforce that meets the demands of the modern labor market.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AT VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN VIETNAM: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
Digital transformation in educational management is an inevitable trend to enhance the quality and competitiveness of vocational education in Vietnam amid the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study analyzes the current situation, identifies key challenges, and proposes solutions to promote the process. Based on secondary data analysis, findings show that vocational education institutions have made initial progress in improving management efficiency and transparency. However, implementation still faces limitations, including fragmented technology applications, lack of standardized shared databases, and insufficient awareness of digital transformation as a strategic management task rather than merely a technical one. These challenges arise from both objective factors (financial resources, lack of standards) and subjective factors (leadership mindset, digital competence of staff). Accordingly, the study suggests two groups of integrated solutions: improving the legal framework and investment policies, and shifting leadership mindset while developing integrated technology systems with a focus on digital human resource development.
EVALUATION OF THE REGISTRATION AND ISSUANCE OF LAND USE RIGHT CERTIFICATES IN CON DAO DISTRICT, BA RIA - VUNG TAU PROVINCE
The study aims to assess the current status and propose solutions to improve the registration and issuance of Land Use Right Certificates (LURCs) in Con Dao District, Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province. During the period 2019–2024, the district issued 1,880 LURCs with a total area of 1,213.16 hectares, achieving 91.03% of the planned target; the resolution rates for first-time registration and land-use changes were 90.27% and 92.89%, respectively. These positive outcomes were attributed to administrative procedure reforms, the application of information technology, and the strengthening of legal dissemination. Nevertheless, the implementation process still faces challenges due to a shortage of professional staff, limited public awareness of land-related laws, the prevalence of land disputes and unclear land origins, as well as incomplete cadastral records. The study proposes a set of solutions, including: improvements in institutional frameworks and policies; organizational and human resource enhancement; technological application and digitalization; and strengthened legal dissemination and public awareness.
PROMOTING THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE ECONOMY IN THE GREEN TRANSITION IN THE RED RIVER DELTA
Green growth is the trend of the era, and Vietnam considers it a strategic priority for restructuring, innovating the growth model, and creating new national competitive advantages to escape the middle-income trap. However, as a latecomer, Vietnam faces significant challenges in implementing the green transition, in which the private sector plays a crucial role in overcoming these challenges. The Red River Delta is a region of great importance to socio-economic development, serving as a driving force for the country’s growth. Promoting the green transition across the entire region will leverage the efforts of provinces and cities in developing the private economy in tandem with green transformation, thereby enhancing the role and position of the private sector in the nation’s development process.
SOLUTIONS FOR HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED PRIVATE ENTERPRISES
In the context of deeper integration and increasing competition, human resource development has become a core factor determining the competitiveness and sustainable growth of enterprises. This study aims to identify and measure the influence of key factors on human resource development. Based on a review of domestic and international studies, combined with field surveys and quantitative analysis using SPSS 26, the results indicate that “Training and Development” has the strongest impact, followed by “Management and Evaluation,” “Work Environment,” “Recruitment and Utilization Mechanisms,” and “Compensation and Benefits.” Accordingly, the study proposes several solutions to support managers in formulating HR policies tailored to the characteristics of small and medium-sized private enterprises.
ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONS FOR APPLYING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING MODELS IN ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM
Management accounting plays a key role in providing information for decision-making, cost control, and performance improvement. Although various management accounting models have been widely developed worldwide, their application in Vietnam remains limited, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises. This study, based on literature analysis and synthesis, assesses the current adoption of management accounting models in Vietnamese enterprises and identifies major constraints, including a shortage of qualified personnel, fragmented information systems, and limited awareness of management accounting benefits. Some large firms and foreign-invested enterprises have begun to implement modern models such as activity-based costing and lean accounting. Based on the findings, the paper proposes solutions to enhance the adoption of suitable models, including improving information systems, promoting digital transformation, strengthening accountants’ competencies, and developing supportive policies, thereby enhancing managerial effectiveness and competitiveness in Vietnamese enterprises.
DETERMINANTS OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN VIETNAM’S BORDER REGIONS
ABSTRACT Using survey data from 300 households in Vietnam’s border areas, this study analyzes the determinants of income diversification among households. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression estimates with robust standard errors indicate that larger households with stronger economic capacity and those living in areas with better infrastructure tend to have higher proportions of non-farm income. Moreover, there are significant regional differences in the degree of income diversification. Notably, dynamic local governance is positively associated with income diversification, whereas livelihood support policies show a negative correlation. Based on these findings, the study proposes several policy implications to promote income diversification for residents in Vietnam’s land border regions in the coming years.
FABRICATION OF A CAR BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM TRAINING MODEL AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRACTICAL EXERCISES AT THANH DONG UNIVERSITY
This paper presents the design and application of an automotive body electrical system model in vocational education aimed at enhancing training quality for the automotive engineering technology program at Thanh Dong University. Through detailed model research and practical exercises, this model helps students master the structure, operating principles, and common faults of modern automotive electrical systems. The research results indicate that using this model contributes to improving practical skills and diagnostic abilities, meeting the practical needs of the automotive industry today
EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR 110KV SAM SON 1 SUBSTATION
This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the current status and proposes technical solutions to enhance the control and protection system of the 110kV Sam Son 1 substation, located in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Through on-site inspections and operational data analysis, several major limitations were identified, including incomplete SCADA signal acquisition, non-uniformity in protection relays, and the lack of standardized communication protocols such as IEC 61850. To overcome these issues, the study recommends an integrated modernization approach involving SCADA system expansion, deployment of IEC 61850-compliant digital relays, standardization of the substation communication network, and implementation of GPS-based time synchronization and remote control capabilities. The proposed solutions were quantitatively evaluated, showing a substantial improvement: relay response time was reduced from 250 ms to 85 ms, while SCADA signal coverage increased from 65% to 98%, thus meeting the technical criteria for unmanned substation operation. This research contributes a practical reference model for upgrading 110kV substations towards smart grid development and digital transformation
INDIA'S EXPERIENCE IN SECURING BORDER ECONOMIC SECURITY AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM
India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and is widely regarded as an emerging global power. While its central geographic location and strategic routes across the Indian Ocean have contributed significantly to this growth, the country's vast and complex borders present considerable challenges to economic security—challenges that must be addressed to sustain long-term economic development. India shares land borders with seven different countries, most of which are human-drawn rather than shaped by natural geographical barriers. Consequently, effective border management requires well-planned strategies and appropriate policy measures. Using a method of literature review and analytical synthesis, this paper examines India’s experience in safeguarding border economic security through policy instruments and the implementation of a smart border management framework. Based on this analysis, the study draws out key lessons for Vietnam in strengthening its own economic security in border regions
THE IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE CHALLENGES FOR EDUCATIONAL MANAGERS
ABSTRACT The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) are profoundly transforming the landscape of global higher education. This study aims to analyze the positive impacts of technology and AI on teaching, learning, and educational management highlighting key benefits such as the personalization of learning pathways, enhanced interaction, optimization of assessment processes, and instructional support. At the same time, the research identifies major challenges facing educational administrators, including data security and privacy issues, disparities in digital skills across regions, quality assurance in teaching and learning, faculty training, infrastructure investment costs, and the development of digital learning communities. Based on these findings, the study proposes several managerial implications to support education leaders in proactively adapting to digital transformation trends, improving governance effectiveness, and advancing higher education in a sustainable, modern, and human-centered direction.