Tạp chí của Trường Đại học Kiểm sát Hà Nội
Penalties and non-penalty measures for juvenile offenders under Swedish criminal law and some lessons for Vietnam
The proportion of juvenile offenders in Vietnam who are sentenced to imprisonment, including suspended imprisonment, remains significantly high. Meanwhile, the Law on Juvenile Justice provides for other alternative sanctions like warnings, fines, and non-custodial rehabilitation. This situation raises concerns regarding the adequate protection of the best interests of juveniles. Therefore, this article examines the provisions of Swedish criminal law on penalties and non-penalty measures applicable to juvenile offenders, and on that basis draws several lessons for Vietnam.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tạp chí Khoa học Kiểm sát
Legal enforcement capacity of civil servants to meet the requirements of reforming law-making and law enforcement in Vietnam
Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW dated 30 April 2025 of the Politburo on reforming law-making and law enforcement to meet the country’s development requirements in the new era calls for breakthroughs in law enforcement, ensuring that laws are implemented in a fair, strict, consistent, timely, effective, and efficient manner, while strengthening the close linkage between law-making and law enforcement. To achieve these objectives, improving the quality of human resources engaged in law-making and law enforcement is considered a key solution. Based on policy analysis, comparative methods, and statistical data assessment, this article focuses on examining and proposing core competencies within the legal implementation competency framework for civil servants, thereby contributing to meeting the requirements of reforming law-making and law enforcement in Vietnam’s new era.
Laws on organization and operation of People’s Credit Funds in selected nations and lessons for Vietnam
According to the 2024 annual report of the State Bank of Vietnam, as of December 31, 2024, Vietnam’s system of People’s Credit Funds comprised 1,176 funds distributed across provinces and centrally governed cities nationwide, with total assets amounting to VND 194,421 trillion. This article compares the organizational and operational models of credit unions in the United States, Canada, Germany, and China - countries with well-established legal frameworks that ensure transparency and system stability. Based on this comparative analysis, the article draws lessons for Vietnam aimed at improving the legal framework, expanding operational scope, and restructuring the People’s Credit Fund system toward greater professionalism and sustainability.
Defining banking activities and the banking license under Vietnamese law: A comparative analysis and proposals for improvement
By employing analytical, comparative, and synthesis methodologies, this paper investigates Vietnam's legal framework governing the definition of banking activities and the banking license. Through a comparative analysis with the corresponding laws of France, South Korea, China, and the Philippines, the paper highlights shortcomings and inconsistencies within Vietnam's current regulations; thereby puts forward recommendations to refine the legal provisions on banking activities and the banking license, ensuring they are more robust, coherent, and aligned with international best practices.
Matrimonial property regimes under the laws of selected countries and implications for the development of the private sector in Vietnam
In the context where the private sector is recognized as one of the key driving force of the socialist-oriented market economy, the improvement of property law, particularly matrimonial property, has become increasingly imperative. In practice, many family-owned businesses are exposed to legal and financial risks when disputes arise between spouses over property due to the absence of clear legal provisions on the establishment, disposition, and protection of assets associated with business activities. Based on an analysis of the limitations of current Vietnamese law and with reference to the legislative experiences of several jurisdictions, this article proposes orientations for reforming matrimonial property regimes in order to ensure the sustainable development of the private sector in Vietnam.
Provisional urgent measures in the adjudication of commercial and business cases at courts: Issues requiring further legal improvement
In the process of resolving business and commercial disputes, the urgent requirement is promptly protecting the parties’ lawful rights and interests, particularly in situations where there is a risk of asset dissipation, destruction of evidence, or the loss of conditions necessary for the enforcement of judgments. In this context, provisional urgent measures serve not only as preventive and preservative legal instruments but also reflect the effectiveness and responsiveness of the judicial system in addressing urgent circumstances. This article analyzes the legal basis and the practical application of such measures and, on that basis, proposes several recommendations for improving legal framework to enhance transparency, feasibility, and alignment with international practices.
The internationalization trend of Vietnamese criminal law policy on corruption offences
Trends in improving Vietnamese criminal law policy on corruption crimes are built upon the key tasks of the Party and State. In the context of increasingly deep international integration, internationalization has become a dominant factor and an objective, inevitable trend. This article focuses on analyzing and clarifying the internationalization trend in Vietnamese criminal law policy regarding corruption offences; proposes specific directions and solutions to strongly promote this important trend.
Improving the provisions of the Vietnamese Penal Code on non-detention principal penalties
This article analyzes the definition of non-custodial principal penalties in the 2015 Penal Code (amended and supplemented in 2017 and 2025), clarifying the concept, characteristics, scope, and conditions for applying these penalties. Based on the practical application of non-custodial principal penalties between 2021 and 2025, it points out the limitations in legal regulations and the arbitrary aspects of penalty application. Thereby, the author proposes recommendations for amending and supplementing the Penal Code to contribute to the improvement of human rights policy, ensuring feasibility and consistency in law application, and strengthening the protection of human rights in Vietnamese criminal justice.
Legal scientific research contributing to the prevention and control of interest group influence in lawmaking
Based on identifying the concept of interest group influence in lawmaking and analyzing the role of legal scientific research in preventing and combating such influence, the article provides an overview of the current state of legal research in Vietnam in relation to the legislative process. Accordingly, it proposes several solutions to promote legal scientific research as a means of preventing and controlling interest group influence in lawmaking.
Development trends of applied criminology: Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and informnation technology-based approaches
Amid globalization and rapid digital transformation, applied criminology is increasingly shifting from a single-discipline framework to multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches. This article analyzes major development trends in contemporary criminology, emphasizing the integration of knowledge from sociology, psychology, economics, political science, and technological sciences to provide a comprehensive explanation of the causes and mechanisms of criminal behavior. The study also highlights the growing role of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, big data, and machine learning, in crime prediction, detection, and prevention, particularly in response to the rise of cybercrime and economic crime in the digital era. Based on theoretical analysis and a synthesis of domestic and international research, the article concludes that the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge and advanced technologies represents an inevitable direction for the development of applied criminology, contributing to more effective crime prevention policies and law enforcement practices in modern society.
The rationale for the existence of the Investigation Agency of the People’s Procuracy in the current judicial reform period
Recently, certain viewpoints have suggested that the Investigation Agency within the People’s Procuracy system should be abolished; its investigative powers should be transferred to the Security Investigation Agencies under the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of National Defence. This article examines such perspectives by analyzing the fundamental bases for the existence of the Investigation Agency of the People’s Procuracy, including its politicallegal, theoretical, and practical foundations. It can be observed that the continued existence of this institutional system within the state apparatus is an objective necessity.
The principle of double criminality in the 2001 Budapest Convention on cybercrime and implications for Vietnamese law
The principle of double criminality in international criminal cooperation requires that the conduct subject to a request for action must constitute a criminal offence under the laws of both involved States. This article examines the application of this principle in the 2001 Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, its historical context, and its role in extradition and mutual legal assistance. Thereby, the article offers recommendations including: Ensuring full domestic incorporation of cybercrime offences in accordance with international standards; amending regulations on extradition and mutual legal assistance; and establishing an effective 24/7 contact point to enhance cooperation. These measures aim to support Vietnam in fulfilling its international commitments and meeting practical enforcement needs.
Social criticism within the mechanism for controlling state power in Vietnam - Current situation and recommendations
Social criticism contributes to creating a democratic environment of debate and dialogue; it conveys requests and recommendations that assist policy-making bodies in identifying and remedying shortcomings and limitations in the process of drafting and implementing policies, thereby contributing to the control of state power. This article analyzes the current state of social criticism activities within the mechanism for controlling state power in Vietnam and proposes several recommendations.
Discussion on the processing of personal data without consent for the protection of the data subject’s life and health
This article analyzes the theoretical foundations, legal basis, and current legal framework of Vietnamese law regarding the processing of personal data without the consent of the data subject for the purpose of protecting human life and health. At the same time, by examining the provisions of the Law on Personal Data Protection in 2025, Government Decree No. 356/2025/ND-CP dated December 31, 2025, detailing a number of articles and providing measures for the implementation of the Law on Personal Data Protection and relevant sectoral legislation, the article identifies several legal gaps in determining emergency situations, the scope of data permitted to be processed, the authority of involved entities, and mechanisms for protecting rescuers. On that basis, it proposes several recommendations for improving the law to ensure a balance between privacy protection and the protection of the right to life and the right to health care in emergency situations.
Discussion on Vietnamese legal regulations on handling violations related to collusive agreements in bidding activities
Collusive tendering (bid rigging) constitute unlawful conduct that occurs when competing bidders secretly coordinate to control bidding outcomes to inflate the prices of goods or services. Despite the absence of an official definition of bid rigging under Vietnamese law, the Law on Competition, the Law on Bidding and the Law on Public–Private Partnership Investment enumerate acts of collusion, including arrangements to ensure that a particular bidder wins the contract. Sanctions for such violations include administrative penalties, criminal liability, and civil compensation for damages. However, law enforcement remains limited due to overlapping and unclear provisions between the Law on Competition and the Law on Bidding. Hence, this paper analyzes legal provisions governing sanctions and enforcement jurisdiction over collusive tendering, then proposes measures to improve the legal framework and to strengthen the independence, professional capacity, and coordination mechanisms among competent authorities in addressing bid rigging practices.
Business registration in cases where a member transfers his capital contribution in a limited liability company with two or more members
Currently, the law has facilitated the process and documentation for registering businesses when members transfer their capital contributions. However, business registration still faces many difficulties, such as the transferor and recipient of capital contributions, the basis for the transfer, the required documents, and the infrastructure for online public services, which hinder the registration process. The law needs to limit conflicts between the Enterprise Law, the Law on Cadres and Civil Servants, the Law on Public Employees, and the Law on Prevention and Combat of Corruption and Waste; clearly define and avoid situations where civil servants in business registration offices request transfer and contract termination documents; raise the awareness and responsibility of civil servants at business registration offices; simplify the required documents; and provide better infrastructure... all of which would create a more favorable environment for the current market of capital contribution transfers.
Ensure the unity in the regulations on exclusion of liability for breach of contract
Ensuring the unity of the legal system is an urgent requirement; however, regulations on the exclusion of liability for breach of contract still remain inconsistencies. Based on the requirement of ensuring the unity of the law, this article clarifies current situation of unity in the regulations on the exclusion of liability for breach of contract, focusing on pointing out the inconsistencies by comparing the regulations. Hence, it also proposes recommendations for legal improvement to ensure unity in the regulations on the exclusion of liability for breach of contract.
Enhancing the effectiveness of coordination between Forensic Expertise Agency and the Security Investigation Agency in image examination from electronic data
In the context of increasingly sophisticated high-technology crimes, the examination of images derived from electronic data plays a particularly important role in investigation, prosecution, and adjudication. However, coordination between Forensic Expertise Agency and the Security Investigation Agency remains limited in terms of mechanisms and procedures. This article analyzes the current situation, identifies existing shortcomings, and proposes solutions to enhance the effectiveness of coordination, thereby ensuring the legal validity and objectivity of forensic examination results and contributing to meeting the requirements of crime prevention and control in the new context.
Enhancing the effectiveness of applying the criminal liability regime for commercial legal entities
The implementation of regulations on the criminal liability of corporate legal entities has contributed to enhancing the effectiveness of crime prevention and control, particularly in the fields of economics, environment, and public order. However, practical application still reveals certain difficulties and shortcomings that require timely review and resolution. On this basis, the article analyzes the current situation, identifies existing limitations, and proposes several solutions to improve the effectiveness of applying the regulations on the criminal liability of corporate legal entities in the coming time.
The criminalization of wasteful conduct in the formulation and promulgation of institutional frameworks for the management and use of public finance and public assets, contributing to the implementation of the General Secretary To Lam’s “directive” on com
Perfecting the criminal law on waste prevention and control is an important solution to maintain the Party's leadership role. The General Secretary To Lam affirmed that fighting against waste is an urgent political “command”, associated with sustainable development and preventing and fighting corruption and negativity. Instruction No. 63-HD/BCĐTW of the Central Steering Committee, Directive No. 43-CT/TW and Resolution No. 66-NQ/TW of the Politburo also emphasize the reakthrough role of institutions and laws in national development. On that basis, the criminalization of wasteful conduct in the formulation and promulgation of institutional frameworks for the management and use of public finance and public assets is very urgent and necessary.
Foundamental theoretical issues on values (Part 2 and end)
This article examines value as a fundamental theoretical category in philosophy and the social sciences. It focuses on clarifying the concept, nature, and basic characteristics of value within the relationship between human beings and social life. On that basis, the paper analyzes the constituent elements and principal functions of value, thereby affirming its orienting, regulatory, and evaluative roles in cognition, human behavior, and social organization. At the same time, the study elucidates the formation of value systems, their internal structure, and the hierarchy of values, emphasizing the methodological significance of properly recognizing value priorities in social science research, legal studies, and the orientation toward sustainable social development.
The relationship between the Investigative Agency and the People’s Procuracy in the application, modification and revocation of preventive measures during the initiation stage of criminal cases
The relationship between Investigative Agency and the People’s Procuracy in Vietnam’s criminal procedure reflects the division of functions, the mechanism of power control, and the model of Vietnam’s criminal justice system. This article focuses on clarifying several theoretical and practical issues concerning the relationship between these two bodies in the application, modification, and rerocation of preventive measures during the stage of initiating a criminal case, identifies existing shortcomings and limitations, and thereby proposes solutions to enhance the effectiveness of their relationship in applying, modifying, and revoking preventive measures at the stage of initiating criminal cases.
Enhancing the quality of psychological influence exerted by Prosecutors during the interrogation of accused persons committing crimes against human life, health, dignity, and honor
Crimes against human life, health, dignity, and honor constitute a traditional category of offenses, accounting for a high proportion in the overall crime structure. This reality requires prosecutors to possess appropriate psychological influence competencies when interrogating accused persons. The results of a survey of 110 Prosecutors indicate that the application of psychological influence methods remains infrequent and uneven, with a predominant focus on direct approaches such as information transmission, commands, and persuasion. Meanwhile, more in-depth psychological influence techniques such as posing and reframing cognitive issues or suggestion are rarely employed. These limitations primarily stem from Prosecutors’ insufficient psychological knowledge, inadequate skills in identifying the psychological states of accused persons, as well as work pressure and suboptimal material and technical conditions. Therefore, enhancing the quality of psychological influence exerted by Prosecutors during the interrogation of accused persons in this category of crimes is an urgent requirement and carries profound practical significance.
Vai trò của Viện kiểm sát Liên bang Nga trong phòng, chống tham nhũng trong khu vực tư
Bài viết phân tích cơ sở pháp lý và tổ chức để phòng, chống tham nhũng trong lĩnh vực hoạt động, kinh doanh tư nhân tại Liên bang Nga dựa trên việc đánh giá các quy định của Điều 13.3 Luật Liên bang “Về chống tham nhũng”. Theo đó, điều luật yêu cầu tất cả các tổ chức phải xây dựng và thực hiện các biện pháp phòng, chống tham nhũng, đặc biệt chú trọng đến công tác giám sát của cơ quan kiểm sát đối với việc thực hiện quy định này. Bài viết chỉ ra rằng các cuộc thanh tra của cơ quan kiểm sát giúp xác định những thiếu sót, lỗ hổng trong các biện pháp phòng, chống tham nhũng và khuyến khích các tổ chức xây dựng hệ thống phòng, chống tham nhũng hiệu quả, có tính đến đặc thù hoạt động của họ và mức độ rủi ro tham nhũng. Đồng thời, bài viết cũng đánh giá tổng quan các vi phạm điển hình của các pháp nhân, từ đó rút ra kết luận về sự cần thiết phải nâng cao nhận thức pháp luật của người đứng đầu tổ chức.
Xu hướng phát triển của pháp luật về tội phạm mạng trong giai đoạn phát triển mới của đất nước
Bài viết phân tích các xu hướng phát triển của pháp luật hình sự quốc tế về các tội phạm mạng trên cơ sở so sánh giữa Công ước Budapest về tội phạm mạng năm 2001 với Công ước của Liên hợp quốc về chống tội phạm mạng năm 2024; phân tích các xu hướng phát triển của pháp luật hình sự Việt Nam về các tội phạm mạng. Từ đó, kiến nghị hướng hoàn thiện các quy định về tội phạm mạng trong pháp luật hình sự Việt Nam bảo đảm tương thích với pháp luật quốc tế cũng như đáp ứng yêu cầu phòng, chống tội phạm trong giai đoạn phát triển mới của đất nước.
Từ góc nhìn lý luận và thực tiễn điều chỉnh - bảo vệ các quan hệ xã hội của pháp luật hình sự, bài viết phân tích, bình luận về nguyên tắc tác động của pháp luật hình sự, qua đó làm nổi bật sự cần thiết của việc ghi nhận (quy định) nguyên tắc tác động của pháp luật hình sự trong Bộ luật Hình sự nước ta.
Các giá trị phổ quát của nhan loại theo quan điểm của Liên hợp quốc và của một số tổ chức quốc tế
Bài viết phân tích các giá trị phổ quát của nhân loại theo quan điểm của các tổ chức quốc tế như Liên hợp quốc; Tổ chức Giáo dục, Khoa học và Văn hóa của Liên hợp quốc (UNESCO); Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO); Tổ chức Lao động Quốc tế (ILO); Tổ chức Hợp tác và Phát triển Kinh tế (OECD)... Mặc dù mỗi tổ chức có cách tiếp cận phù hợp với lĩnh vực hoạt động riêng của mình nhưng tất cả đều thúc đẩy sự lan tỏa và thực thi các giá trị phổ quát thông qua luật pháp, giáo dục, chính sách phát triển và hợp tác quốc tế. Bài viết cũng chỉ ra ý nghĩa của các giá trị này đối với các quốc gia và toàn thể nhân loại trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa và những thách thức xuyên quốc gia ngày càng phức tạp. Xét tổng thể, bài viết cung cấp một góc nhìn tổng hợp và so sánh giữa nhiều tổ chức quốc tế về các giá trị phổ quát của nhân loại, qua đó làm rõ sự tương đồng và khác biệt trong cách tiếp cận, điều mà các nghiên cứu trước đây ở Việt Nam còn ít đề cập.
Mô hình Bộ luật Hình sự Việt Nam theo hướng mở rộng nguồn của pháp luật hình sự
Trên cơ sở khái quát nội dung và ý nghĩa của việc mở rộng nguồn của pháp luật hình sự Việt Nam, bài viết phân tích các yêu cầu được đặt ra đối với Bộ luật Hình sự cũng như các luật hình sự khác khi mở rộng nguồn của pháp luật hình sự và đề xuất các sửa đổi Bộ luật Hình sự hiện hành để hình thành Mô hình Bộ luật Hình sự theo hướng mở rộng này.
Thể chế là một trong những chủ đề được toàn bộ xã hội quan tâm, bởi nó đề cập đến tất cả các chủ thể trong xã hội, có ý nghĩa lý luận và thực tiễn quan trọng, đặc biệt trong bối cảnh cải cách thể chế được xem là một trong những đột phá của phát triển đất nước. Bài viết này góp phần tìm hiểu những vấn đề lý luận cơ bản về thể chế, bao gồm khái quát quá trình hình thành và phát triển lý thuyết về thể chế, quan niệm, đặc trưng, chức năng, phân loại, vai trò và ý nghĩa của thể chế trong phát triển xã hội và đưa ra các khuyến nghị về hoàn thiện thể chế phục vụ phát triển đất nước trong kỷ nguyên mới.
Một số định hướng đổi mới tổ chức và hoạt động của Viện kiểm sát nhân dân trong giai đoạn phát triển mới
Bài viết phân tích, luận giải sự ra đời và vai trò của Viện kiểm sát nhân dân trong bộ máy Nhà nước xã hội chủ nghĩa theo quan điểm của V.I. Lênin, sự phát triển về nhận thức trong quan điểm, chủ trương của Đảng, quy định của pháp luật về vị trí, vai trò của Viện kiểm sát nhân dân; đồng thời, trên cơ sở đánh giá làm rõ thực tiễn tổ chức và hoạt động của Viện kiểm sát nhân dân thời gian qua; từ đó, đề xuất những định hướng đổi mới tổ chức và hoạt động của Viện kiểm sát nhân dân, đáp ứng yêu cầu xây dựng và hoàn thiện Nhà nước pháp quyền xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam trong giai đoạn phát triển mới.