CHINESE TEXTBOOKS DURING THE EDUCATIONAL REFORM PERIOD IN VIETNAM AND INDOCHINA (1906-1919)

Abstract

Vietnamese society saw great economic, cultural, and political development between 1906 and 1919. The compilation of Chinese textbooks must be modified to take into account contemporary social mores and cater to the needs of students at the three grade levels preschool, primary, and secondary. Therefore, to give an overview of the Chinese textbook's situation during the reformation period in Vietnam, and compare it with other countries of the Indochinese Peninsula, this research provides insight into the whole situation of Chinese education in Indochina at that time. Through historical and educational research, the study found that during this time, Chinese textbooks at three levels were divided into five main categories: Basic Chinese, Chinese Confucian Canon, Chinese Northern History, Chinese History of Vietnam, and Chinese Geography of Vietnam. The material of Basic Chinese and the Chinese Confucian Canon was also simplified to make it simpler to understand and study. Along with being innovative in their compilation techniques, Chinese Northern History and Chinese History of Vietnam use rhyming and other unconventional approaches in addition to more conventional ones to teach pupils about the histories, cultures, and philosophies of both China and Vietnam.