RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL AND EMISSIONS OF GASONLINE-POWERED CARS WHEN SWITCHING TO ADAPTIVE FUELS

Abstract

Nowadays, concerns about the dwindling supply of fossil fuels and the environmental impact of emissions from fossil-fueled vehicles have prompted research into the economic, technical, and emissions of gasoline-powered cars when switching to adaptive fuels with high real-world applicability. Transportation biofuels encompass various forms of biodiesel and bioethanol. This article outlines the methodology for developing and producing the supplementary ECU controller hardware, which works in conjunction with the ethanol sensor and primary ECU of the existing electronic fuel injection system on the Toyota 1NZ-FE engine, to create a flexible fuel conversion system. Experiments conducted on vehicles equipped with the auxiliary ECU revealed that their acceleration time was faster than when using RON 92 gasoline. Engine power and fuel consumption generally increased with the use of bioethanol gasoline, with power rising from 6.56% to 23.46% and fuel consumption increasing from 2.98% to 32.76%, depending on the ethanol content in the fuel. CO and HC emissions typically decreased, whereas NO_x increased up to 15% when the ethanol content reached 50% (E50). However, with ethanol contents exceeding 50% such as E85 and E100, the rise in NO_x tended to be lower compared to when using RON 92 gasoline.