Emissions from motorcycle in road traffic in Hanoi

Abstract

Transportation is one of the important sectors in Hanoi’s economy, but it also creates challenges, especially air pollution. In road transport, motorcycles including mopeds and motorbikes have the largest number. The flow of vehicles on all types of roads in Hanoi from actual survey data in 2020 shows that there are 8,765 motorcycles circulating on the roads per hour in Hanoi. This study focuses on determining emission characteristics and inventorying emissions from this type of vehicle on road traffic in Hanoi. The IVE and EMISENS models were used to determine the emission factors and emission inventory for the motorcycle at tier 3 in Hanoi. The results show that the kilometre vehicles travelled ranges from 8.1-10.8 km/day. The vehicles produced from 2007 to 2017 account for the highest proportion, 69%. The results of calculating the emission factors for the motorcycles for the running are 0.094 g/km with PM, 0.006 g/km with SO₂, 12.630 g/km with CO and 0.31 g/km with NOx, respectively. The emission factors when motorcycles in start–up stages are 0.123 g/time with PM, 0.001 g/time with SO₂, 10.874 g/time with CO and 0.804 g/time with NOx.  Total emissions from motorcycles are 5,261 tons PM per year, 22,478 tons NOx per year, 845,340 tons CO per year and 345 tons SO₂ per year, respectively. Data determined from emission factors from the IVE model were found in this study, representing detailed inventory results from the motorcycle source. Inventory results show that motorcycles are an important air pollution source that needs to be controlled and reduction measures applied to reduce air pollutants.