Characteristics assessment of As, Pb, Cu, Zn contamination in water in Dong Mai (Hung Yen) craft village by using the evaluation indicators

Abstract

    Water pollution is on the rise and an alarming problem in Vietnam as well as all over ther world. The process of industrialization, climate change and craft village production activities have been creating many water polltants in Vietnam. This topic has presented the distribution of As, Pb, Cu, Zn in the water environment and evaluated the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the Dong Mai craft village. We used the multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the characteristics of As, Cu, Zn, Pb contamination in this village’s water environment by using the evaluation indices such as Metal index (MI), Enrichment factor (EF), the potential ecological risk factor (ERF) and the potential ecological risk index (ERI). This study has shown that the classical multivariate statistical analysis is significant to identify contamination sources and origin. It was notabled that the high loading of (As, Cu, Zn) and Pb in water, which reflected by the two main components PC1 & PC2 (according to the principal component analysis method), along with the seasonal variations was indicative of both geogenic and anthropogenic pollution as primary sources in terms of MI and EF. In this study, although the potential ecological risk factor and ecological risk index of surface water as well as ground water were at low level (ERF < 40 and ERI < 150) and (ERF < 40), respectively, but due to its properties’ difficulty in degrading and high accumulation ability, there has been always the potential risks that negatively impacted the ecosystem. Therefore, the authors recommended that the need for a comprehensive and detailed research program on heavy metal content in water in a wider area to identify the magnitude and detailed issues related to heavy metal pollution for the development of more effective remediation plans and pollution prevention solutions.