The Convergence of Crimes in the Natural Resources Sector: A Proposal for Comprehensive Policy Responses

Abstract

In the context of increasing globalization and complex climate change, the illegal exploitation of natural resources - including wildlife trafficking, illegal logging, mining, illegal fishing, and unsustainable land conversion - has emerged as a serious threat to global ecosystems. These activities not only harm the environment but also contribute to social instability, exacerbate food insecurity, undermine economies, and erode efforts toward sustainable development.