IMMUTABLE PRINCIPLES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITY REGIME FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE CAUSED BY SHIPS

Abstract

The Civil liability regime for oil pollution damage caused by ships was formed from the Torrey Canyon incident in 1967 and was expressed by CLC 1969 and FUND 1971. However, two conventions were considered inadequate due to financial limitations, therefore additional amendments were made in 1992 (CLC 1992, Fund 1992), in 2000 and in 2003 (Supplementary Fund 2003). In the process of changing and developing of international civil liability regime for oil pollution damage caused by ships, many principles have remained unchanged since their created until this day. These include the principles of “strict liability”, “limitation of liability” and “compulsory insurance”. And the aim of this article is analyzing and classifying of role of these principles in international civil liability regime for oil pollution damage caused by ships.