THE FOUR VIRTUES OF WOMEN THROUGH PHAN BOI CHAU’S “NU QUOC DAN TU TRI”

Abstract

In traditional concepts, women are expected to cultivate four virtues: housekeeping skills, beauty, appropriate speech, and moral conduct. These virtues rooted in Confucian thought, serve as fundamental moral standards guiding a woman’s lifelong journey of cultivation. Over time, the connotations of these virtues have evolved to suit changing social contexts. In this article, the author analyzes these four virtues through Phan Boi Chau’s “Nu quoc dan tu tri”, offering comments and evaluations. Phan Boi Chau’s concept reflects compatibility with traditional ideals amidst a context strongly influenced by Western, particularly French, culture at the time. Lessons from Phan Boi Chau’s approach are deemed crucial for preserving and promoting traditional concepts that remain valuable and relevant in today’s context