INSOMNIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AT THE FAMILY MEDICINE CLINIC, UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HO CHI MINH CITY

Abstract

Background: Insomnia is common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may adversely affect glycaemic control and mental health, but data from primary care at Family Medicine Clinic in Vietnam remain limited.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of insomnia and associated factors in patients with T2DM attending a family medicine clinic.

Methods: We conducted an analytical crosssectional study involving 162 adults with T2DM attending the Family Medicine Clinic, University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, from September 2024 to September 2025. Insomnia was assessed using DSM5 criteria combined with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Depression and anxiety were screened using PHQ9 and GAD7. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data (including HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose) were collected by interview and chart review. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results: The prevalence of insomnia among patients with type 2 diabetes was 41.4%. Factors significantly associated with insomnia were female (PR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02–1.61, p = 0.028), HbA1c > 7% (PR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23–2.85,

p = 0.002), depression (PR = 7.08, 95% CI: 2.96–16.9, p <0.001) and anxiety (PR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.91–4.05, p <0.001).

Conclusions: Insomnia is frequent among T2DM patients in a primary care, particularly in women, those with poor glycemic control and those with depression or anxiety. Routine screening and management of insomnia and mental health problems should be integrated into comprehensive T2DM care at family medicine clinics.

Keywords: insomnia; type 2 diabetes mellitus; depression; anxiety; family medicine